Coverage for src/CSET/operators/plot.py: 84%
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1# © Crown copyright, Met Office (2022-2025) and CSET contributors.
2#
3# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5# You may obtain a copy of the License at
6#
7# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8#
9# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13# limitations under the License.
15"""Operators to produce various kinds of plots."""
17import fcntl
18import importlib.resources
19import itertools
20import json
21import logging
22import math
23import os
24import sys
25from typing import Literal
27import cartopy.crs as ccrs
28import cartopy.feature as cfeature
29import iris
30import iris.coords
31import iris.cube
32import iris.exceptions
33import iris.plot as iplt
34import matplotlib as mpl
35import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
36import numpy as np
37from cartopy.mpl.geoaxes import GeoAxes
38from iris.cube import Cube
39from markdown_it import MarkdownIt
40from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1.inset_locator import inset_axes
42from CSET._common import (
43 filename_slugify,
44 get_recipe_metadata,
45 iter_maybe,
46 render_file,
47 slugify,
48)
49from CSET.operators._colormaps import (
50 colorbar_map_levels,
51 get_model_colors_map,
52)
53from CSET.operators._utils import (
54 calc_array_stats,
55 check_sequence_coordinate,
56 check_single_cube,
57 check_stamp_coordinate,
58 fully_equalise_attributes,
59 get_cube_yxcoordname,
60 get_num_models,
61 is_transect,
62 slice_over_maybe,
63 validate_cube_shape,
64 validate_cubes_coords,
65)
66from CSET.operators.collapse import collapse
67from CSET.operators.misc import _extract_common_time_points
68from CSET.operators.regrid import regrid_onto_cube
70logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
72# Use a non-interactive plotting backend.
73mpl.use("agg")
76############################
77# Private helper functions #
78############################
81def in_sphinx_gallery():
82 """Test if running plot code in sphinx-gallery context."""
83 return "sphinx_gallery" in sys.modules
86def _append_to_plot_index(plot_index: list) -> list:
87 """Add plots into the plot index, returning the complete plot index."""
88 with open("meta.json", "r+t", encoding="UTF-8") as fp:
89 fcntl.flock(fp, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
90 fp.seek(0)
91 meta = json.load(fp)
92 complete_plot_index = meta.get("plots", [])
93 complete_plot_index = complete_plot_index + plot_index
94 meta["plots"] = complete_plot_index
95 if os.getenv("CYLC_TASK_CYCLE_POINT") and not bool(
96 os.getenv("DO_CASE_AGGREGATION")
97 ):
98 meta["case_date"] = os.getenv("CYLC_TASK_CYCLE_POINT", "")
99 fp.seek(0)
100 fp.truncate()
101 json.dump(meta, fp, indent=2)
102 return complete_plot_index
105def _make_plot_html_page(plots: list):
106 """Create a HTML page to display a plot image."""
107 # Debug check that plots actually contains some strings.
108 assert isinstance(plots[0], str)
110 # Load HTML template file.
111 operator_files = importlib.resources.files()
112 template_file = operator_files.joinpath("_plot_page_template.html")
114 # Get some metadata.
115 meta = get_recipe_metadata()
116 title = meta.get("title", "Untitled")
117 description = MarkdownIt().render(meta.get("description", "*No description.*"))
119 # Prepare template variables.
120 variables = {
121 "title": title,
122 "description": description,
123 "initial_plot": plots[0],
124 "plots": plots,
125 "title_slug": slugify(title),
126 }
128 # Render template.
129 html = render_file(template_file, **variables)
131 # Save completed HTML.
132 with open("index.html", "wt", encoding="UTF-8") as fp:
133 fp.write(html)
136def _save_close_figure(figure, plot_type: str, filename: str):
137 """Save generated plot figure file and close figure.
139 If running documentation gallery generation, avoid saving to file.
141 Parameters
142 ----------
143 figure:
144 Matplotlib Figure object holding all plot elements.
145 plot_type: str
146 String identifier for plot type for logging information.
147 filename: str
148 Filename for saved figure.
149 """
150 if not in_sphinx_gallery():
151 figure.savefig(filename, bbox_inches="tight", dpi=_get_plot_resolution())
152 logger.info("Saved %s plot to %s", plot_type, filename)
153 plt.close(figure)
156def _setup_spatial_map(
157 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
158 figure,
159 cmap,
160 grid_size: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
161 subplot: int | None = None,
162):
163 """Define map projections, extent and add coastlines and borderlines for spatial plots.
165 For spatial map plots, a relevant map projection for rotated or non-rotated inputs
166 is specified, and map extent defined based on the input data.
168 Parameters
169 ----------
170 cube: Cube
171 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of the data to plot.
172 figure:
173 Matplotlib Figure object holding all plot elements.
174 cmap:
175 Matplotlib colormap.
176 grid_size: (int, int), optional
177 Size of grid (rows, cols) for subplots if multiple spatial subplots in figure.
178 subplot: int, optional
179 Subplot index if multiple spatial subplots in figure.
181 Returns
182 -------
183 axes:
184 Matplotlib GeoAxes definition.
185 """
186 # Identify min/max plot bounds.
187 try:
188 lat_axis, lon_axis = get_cube_yxcoordname(cube)
189 xmin = np.nanmin(cube.coord(lon_axis).points)
190 xmax = np.nanmax(cube.coord(lon_axis).points)
191 ymin = np.nanmin(cube.coord(lat_axis).points)
192 ymax = np.nanmax(cube.coord(lat_axis).points)
194 # Adjust bounds within +/- 180.0 if x dimension extends beyond half-globe.
195 if np.abs(xmax - xmin) > 180.0:
196 xmin = xmin - 180.0
197 xmax = xmax - 180.0
198 logger.debug("Adjusting plot bounds to fit global extent.")
200 # Consider map projection orientation.
201 # Adapting orientation enables plotting across international dateline.
202 # Users can adapt the default central_longitude if alternative projections views.
203 if xmax > 180.0 or xmin < -180.0:
204 central_longitude = 180.0
205 else:
206 central_longitude = 0.0
208 # Define spatial map projection.
209 coord_system = cube.coord(lat_axis).coord_system
210 if isinstance(coord_system, iris.coord_systems.RotatedGeogCS):
211 # Define rotated pole map projection for rotated pole inputs.
212 projection = ccrs.RotatedPole(
213 pole_longitude=coord_system.grid_north_pole_longitude,
214 pole_latitude=coord_system.grid_north_pole_latitude,
215 central_rotated_longitude=central_longitude,
216 )
217 crs = projection
218 elif isinstance(coord_system, iris.coord_systems.TransverseMercator): 218 ↛ 220line 218 didn't jump to line 220 because the condition on line 218 was never true
219 # Define Transverse Mercator projection for TM inputs.
220 projection = ccrs.TransverseMercator(
221 central_longitude=coord_system.longitude_of_central_meridian,
222 central_latitude=coord_system.latitude_of_projection_origin,
223 false_easting=coord_system.false_easting,
224 false_northing=coord_system.false_northing,
225 scale_factor=coord_system.scale_factor_at_central_meridian,
226 )
227 crs = projection
228 else:
229 # Assume polar projection for regional grids encompassing N. Pole
230 if ymin > 20.0 and ymax > 80.0:
231 projection = ccrs.NorthPolarStereo(central_longitude=0.0)
232 elif ymin < -80.0 and ymax < -20.0:
233 projection = ccrs.SouthPolarStereo(central_longitude=central_longitude)
234 # Define regular map projection for non-rotated pole inputs.
235 # Alternatives might include e.g. for global model outputs:
236 # projection=ccrs.Robinson(central_longitude=X.y, globe=None)
237 # projection = ccrs.NearsidePerspective(
238 # central_longitude=180.0,
239 # central_latitude=0,
240 # satellite_height=35785831,
241 # )
242 # See also https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/v0.15/crs/projections.html.
243 else:
244 projection = ccrs.PlateCarree(central_longitude=central_longitude)
245 crs = ccrs.PlateCarree()
247 # Define axes for plot (or subplot) with required map projection.
248 if subplot is not None:
249 axes = figure.add_subplot(
250 grid_size[0], grid_size[1], subplot, projection=projection
251 )
252 else:
253 axes = figure.add_subplot(projection=projection)
255 # Add coastlines and borderlines if cube contains x and y map coordinates.
256 # Avoid adding lines for specific fixed ancillary spatial plots
257 if any(name in cube.name() for name in ("land_", "orography", "altitude")):
258 pass
259 else:
260 if cmap.name in ["viridis", "Greys"]:
261 coastcol = "magenta"
262 else:
263 coastcol = "black"
264 logger.debug("Plotting coastlines and borderlines in colour %s.", coastcol)
265 axes.coastlines(resolution="10m", color=coastcol, alpha=0.8)
266 axes.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS, edgecolor=coastcol, alpha=0.3)
268 # Add gridlines.
269 gl = axes.gridlines(
270 alpha=0.3,
271 draw_labels=True,
272 dms=False,
273 x_inline=False,
274 y_inline=False,
275 )
276 gl.top_labels = False
277 gl.right_labels = False
278 if subplot:
279 gl.bottom_labels = False
280 gl.left_labels = False
281 if subplot % grid_size[1] == 1:
282 gl.left_labels = True
283 if subplot > ((grid_size[0] - 1) * grid_size[1]): 283 ↛ 288line 283 didn't jump to line 288 because the condition on line 283 was always true
284 gl.bottom_labels = True
286 # If is lat/lon spatial map, fix extent to keep plot tight.
287 # Specifying crs within set_extent helps ensure only data region is shown.
288 if isinstance(
289 coord_system, (iris.coord_systems.GeogCS, iris.coord_systems.RotatedGeogCS)
290 ):
291 axes.set_extent([xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], crs=crs)
293 except ValueError:
294 # Skip if not both x and y map coordinates.
295 axes = figure.gca()
297 return axes
300def _get_plot_resolution() -> int:
301 """Get resolution of rasterised plots in pixels per inch."""
302 return get_recipe_metadata().get("plot_resolution", 100)
305def _get_start_end_strings(seq_coord: iris.coords.Coord, use_bounds: bool):
306 """Return title and filename based on start and end points or bounds."""
307 if use_bounds and seq_coord.has_bounds():
308 vals = seq_coord.bounds.flatten()
309 else:
310 vals = seq_coord.points
311 start = seq_coord.units.title(vals[0])
312 end = seq_coord.units.title(vals[-1])
314 if start == end:
315 sequence_title = f"\n [{start}]"
316 sequence_fname = f"_{filename_slugify(start)}"
317 else:
318 sequence_title = f"\n [{start} to {end}]"
319 sequence_fname = f"_{filename_slugify(start)}_{filename_slugify(end)}"
321 # Do not include time if coord set to zero.
322 if (
323 seq_coord.units == "hours since 0001-01-01 00:00:00"
324 and vals[0] == 0
325 and vals[-1] == 0
326 ):
327 sequence_title = ""
328 sequence_fname = ""
330 return sequence_title, sequence_fname
333def _set_title_and_filename(
334 seq_coord: iris.coords.Coord,
335 nplot: int,
336 recipe_title: str,
337 filename: str,
338 model_name: str | None = None,
339):
340 """Set plot title and filename based on cube coordinate.
342 Parameters
343 ----------
344 sequence_coordinate: iris.coords.Coord
345 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence.
346 nplot: int
347 Number of output plots to generate - controls title/naming.
348 recipe_title: str
349 Default plot title, potentially to update.
350 filename: str
351 Input plot filename, potentially to update.
353 Returns
354 -------
355 plot_title: str
356 Output formatted plot title string, based on plotted data.
357 plot_filename: str
358 Output formatted plot filename string.
359 """
360 ndim = seq_coord.ndim
361 npoints = np.size(seq_coord.points)
362 sequence_title = ""
363 sequence_fname = ""
365 # Case 1: Multiple dimension sequence input - list number of aggregated cases
366 # (e.g. aggregation histogram plots)
367 if ndim > 1:
368 ncase = np.shape(seq_coord)[0]
369 sequence_title = f"\n [{ncase} cases]"
370 sequence_fname = f"_{ncase}cases"
372 # Case 2: Single dimension input
373 else:
374 # Single sequence point
375 if npoints == 1:
376 if nplot > 1:
377 # Default labels for sequence inputs
378 sequence_value = seq_coord.units.title(seq_coord.points[0])
379 sequence_value = sequence_value.replace(" unknown", "")
380 sequence_title = f"\n [{sequence_value}]"
381 sequence_fname = f"_{filename_slugify(sequence_value)}"
382 else:
383 # Aggregated attribute available where input collapsed over aggregation
384 try:
385 ncase = seq_coord.attributes["number_reference_times"]
386 sequence_title = f"\n [{ncase} cases]"
387 sequence_fname = f"_{ncase}cases"
388 except KeyError:
389 sequence_title, sequence_fname = _get_start_end_strings(
390 seq_coord, use_bounds=seq_coord.has_bounds()
391 )
392 # Multiple sequence (e.g. time) points
393 else:
394 sequence_title, sequence_fname = _get_start_end_strings(
395 seq_coord, use_bounds=False
396 )
398 # Set plot title and filename
399 plot_title = f"{recipe_title}{sequence_title}"
401 # Set plot filename, defaulting to user input if provided.
402 if filename is None:
403 filename = slugify(recipe_title)
404 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}{sequence_fname}.png"
405 else:
406 if nplot > 1:
407 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}{sequence_fname}.png"
408 else:
409 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}.png"
411 if model_name: 411 ↛ 412line 411 didn't jump to line 412 because the condition on line 411 was never true
412 plot_filename = f"{model_name}_{plot_filename}"
413 plot_title = f"{model_name}_{plot_title}"
415 return plot_title, plot_filename
418def _select_series_coord(cube, series_coordinate):
419 """Determine the grid coordinates to use to calculate grid spacing."""
420 spacing_coordinates = ("frequency", "physical_wavenumber", "wavelength")
421 if series_coordinate in spacing_coordinates: 421 ↛ 427line 421 didn't jump to line 427 because the condition on line 421 was always true
422 # Try the requested coordinate first then the fallbacks in order.
423 fallbacks = [series_coordinate] + [
424 c for c in spacing_coordinates if c != series_coordinate
425 ]
426 else:
427 fallbacks = {series_coordinate}
429 # Try each possible coordinate.
430 for coord in fallbacks:
431 try:
432 return cube.coord(coord)
433 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError:
434 logger.debug("Coordinate %s not found.", coord)
436 # If we get here, none of the fallback options were found.
437 raise iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError(
438 f"No valid coordinate found for '{series_coordinate}' "
439 f"or fallback options {fallbacks}"
440 )
443def _set_postage_stamp_title(stamp_coord: iris.coords.Coord) -> str:
444 """Control postage stamp plot output titles based on stamp coordinate."""
445 if stamp_coord.name() == "realization":
446 mtitle = "Member"
447 else:
448 mtitle = stamp_coord.name().capitalize()
450 if stamp_coord.name() == "time":
451 mtitle = f"{stamp_coord.units.title(stamp_coord.points[0])}"
452 else:
453 mtitle = f"{mtitle} #{stamp_coord.points[0]}"
455 return mtitle
458def _set_axis_range(cubes):
459 """Get minimum and maximum from levels information."""
460 levels = None
461 for cube in cubes: 461 ↛ 477line 461 didn't jump to line 477 because the loop on line 461 didn't complete
462 # First check if user-specified "auto" range variable.
463 # This maintains the value of levels as None, so proceed.
464 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube, axis="y")
465 if levels is None:
466 break
467 # If levels is changed, recheck to use the vmin,vmax or
468 # levels-based ranges for histogram plots.
469 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube)
470 logger.debug("levels: %s", levels)
471 if levels is not None: 471 ↛ 461line 471 didn't jump to line 461 because the condition on line 471 was always true
472 vmin = min(levels)
473 vmax = max(levels)
474 logger.debug("Updated vmin, vmax: %s, %s", vmin, vmax)
475 break
477 if levels is None:
478 vmin = min(cb.data.min() for cb in cubes)
479 vmax = max(cb.data.max() for cb in cubes)
481 return vmin, vmax
484def _find_matched_slices(cubes, sequence_coordinate):
485 """Identify matched cubes in CubeList by sequence_coordinate values.
487 Ensures common points are compared for multiple cube inputs.
488 """
489 all_points = sorted(
490 set(
491 itertools.chain.from_iterable(
492 cb.coord(sequence_coordinate).points for cb in cubes
493 )
494 )
495 )
496 all_slices = list(
497 itertools.chain.from_iterable(
498 cb.slices_over(sequence_coordinate) for cb in cubes
499 )
500 )
501 # Matched slices (matched by seq coord point; it may happen that
502 # evaluated models do not cover the same seq coord range, hence matching
503 # necessary)
504 cube_iterables = [
505 iris.cube.CubeList(
506 s for s in all_slices if s.coord(sequence_coordinate).points[0] == point
507 )
508 for point in all_points
509 ]
511 return cube_iterables
514def _plot_and_save_spatial_plot(
515 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
516 filename: str,
517 title: str,
518 method: Literal["contourf", "pcolormesh", "scatter"],
519 overlay_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
520 contour_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
521 point_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
522 **kwargs,
523):
524 """Plot and save a spatial plot.
526 Parameters
527 ----------
528 cube: Cube
529 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of the data to plot.
530 filename: str
531 Filename of the plot to write.
532 title: str
533 Plot title.
534 method: "contourf" | "pcolormesh" | "scatter"
535 The plotting method to use
536 Select choice of "contourf" or "pcolormesh" for gridded data. Use "scatter" for point-based data.
537 overlay_cube: Cube, optional
538 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot on top of base cube
539 contour_cube: Cube, optional
540 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot as contours over base cube
541 point_cube: Cube, optional
542 Optional 1 dimensional (e.g. list of points) or 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot as map of scatter points over base cube
543 """
544 # Setup plot details, size, resolution, etc.
545 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
547 # Specify the color bar
548 cmap, levels, norm = colorbar_map_levels(cube)
550 # If overplotting, set required colorbars
551 if overlay_cube:
552 over_cmap, over_levels, over_norm = colorbar_map_levels(overlay_cube)
553 if contour_cube:
554 cntr_cmap, cntr_levels, cntr_norm = colorbar_map_levels(contour_cube)
556 # Setup plot map projection, extent and coastlines and borderlines.
557 axes = _setup_spatial_map(cube, fig, cmap)
559 # Set colorscale bounds
560 try:
561 vmin = min(levels)
562 vmax = max(levels)
563 except TypeError:
564 vmin, vmax = None, None
565 # Ensure to use norm and not vmin/vmax if levels are defined.
566 if norm is not None:
567 vmin = None
568 vmax = None
569 logger.debug("Plotting using defined levels.")
571 # Plot the field.
572 if method == "contourf":
573 plot = iplt.contourf(cube, cmap=cmap, levels=levels, norm=norm)
574 elif method == "pcolormesh":
575 plot = iplt.pcolormesh(cube, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
576 elif method == "scatter":
577 # Scatter plot of the field. The marker size is chosen to give
578 # symbols that decrease in size as the number of data points
579 # increases, although the fraction of the figure covered by
580 # symbols increases roughly as N^(1/2), disregarding overlaps,
581 # and has been selected for the default figure size of (10, 10).
582 # Should this be changed, the marker size should be adjusted in
583 # proportion to the area of the figure.
584 mrk_size = int(np.sqrt(2500000.0 / len(cube.data)))
585 lat_axis, lon_axis = get_cube_yxcoordname(cube)
586 plot = iplt.scatter(
587 cube.coord(lon_axis),
588 cube.coord(lat_axis),
589 c=cube.data[:],
590 s=mrk_size,
591 cmap=cmap,
592 edgecolors="k",
593 norm=norm,
594 vmin=vmin,
595 vmax=vmax,
596 )
597 else:
598 raise ValueError(f"Unknown plotting method: {method}")
600 # Overplot overlay field, if required
601 if overlay_cube:
602 try:
603 over_vmin = min(over_levels)
604 over_vmax = max(over_levels)
605 except TypeError:
606 over_vmin, over_vmax = None, None
607 if over_norm is not None: 607 ↛ 608line 607 didn't jump to line 608 because the condition on line 607 was never true
608 over_vmin = None
609 over_vmax = None
610 overlay = iplt.pcolormesh(
611 overlay_cube,
612 cmap=over_cmap,
613 norm=over_norm,
614 alpha=0.8,
615 vmin=over_vmin,
616 vmax=over_vmax,
617 )
618 # Overplot contour field, if required, with contour labelling.
619 if contour_cube:
620 contour = iplt.contour(
621 contour_cube,
622 colors="darkgray",
623 levels=cntr_levels,
624 norm=cntr_norm,
625 alpha=0.5,
626 linestyles="--",
627 linewidths=1,
628 )
629 plt.clabel(contour)
630 # Overplot valid elements of point-based field, if required.
631 # Check for non-masked points only to avoid plotting missing data.
632 if point_cube:
633 mrk_size = int(np.sqrt(2500000.0 / len(point_cube.data)))
634 lat_axis, lon_axis = get_cube_yxcoordname(point_cube)
635 lon_coord = point_cube.coord(lon_axis)
636 lat_coord = point_cube.coord(lat_axis)
637 valid = ~point_cube.data.mask
638 valid_lon = iris.coords.AuxCoord(
639 lon_coord.points[valid],
640 standard_name=lon_coord.standard_name,
641 units=lon_coord.units,
642 coord_system=lon_coord.coord_system,
643 )
644 valid_lat = iris.coords.AuxCoord(
645 lat_coord.points[valid],
646 standard_name=lat_coord.standard_name,
647 units=lat_coord.units,
648 coord_system=lat_coord.coord_system,
649 )
650 iplt.scatter(
651 valid_lon,
652 valid_lat,
653 c=point_cube.data[valid],
654 s=mrk_size,
655 cmap=cmap,
656 edgecolors="k",
657 norm=norm,
658 vmin=vmin,
659 vmax=vmax,
660 )
662 # Check to see if transect, and if so, adjust y axis.
663 if is_transect(cube):
664 if "pressure" in [coord.name() for coord in cube.coords()]:
665 axes.invert_yaxis()
666 axes.set_yscale("log")
667 axes.set_ylim(1100, 100)
668 # If both model_level_number and level_height exists, iplt can construct
669 # plot as a function of height above orography (NOT sea level).
670 elif {"model_level_number", "level_height"}.issubset( 670 ↛ 675line 670 didn't jump to line 675 because the condition on line 670 was always true
671 {coord.name() for coord in cube.coords()}
672 ):
673 axes.set_yscale("log")
675 axes.set_title(
676 f"{title}\n"
677 f"Start Lat: {cube.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[0]}"
678 f" Start Lon: {cube.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[1]}"
679 f" End Lat: {cube.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[2]}"
680 f" End Lon: {cube.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[3]}",
681 fontsize=16,
682 )
684 # Inset code
685 axins = inset_axes(
686 axes,
687 width="20%",
688 height="20%",
689 loc="upper right",
690 axes_class=GeoAxes,
691 axes_kwargs={"map_projection": ccrs.PlateCarree()},
692 )
694 # Slightly transparent to reduce plot blocking.
695 axins.patch.set_alpha(0.4)
697 axins.coastlines(resolution="50m")
698 axins.add_feature(cfeature.BORDERS, linewidth=0.3)
700 SLat, SLon, ELat, ELon = (
701 float(coord) for coord in cube.attributes["transect_coords"].split("_")
702 )
704 # Draw line between them
705 axins.plot(
706 [SLon, ELon], [SLat, ELat], color="black", transform=ccrs.PlateCarree()
707 )
709 # Plot points (note: lon, lat order for Cartopy)
710 axins.plot(SLon, SLat, marker="x", color="green", transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
711 axins.plot(ELon, ELat, marker="x", color="red", transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())
713 lon_min, lon_max = sorted([SLon, ELon])
714 lat_min, lat_max = sorted([SLat, ELat])
716 # Midpoints
717 lon_mid = (lon_min + lon_max) / 2
718 lat_mid = (lat_min + lat_max) / 2
720 # Maximum half-range
721 half_range = max(lon_max - lon_min, lat_max - lat_min) / 2
722 if half_range == 0: # points identical → provide small default 722 ↛ 726line 722 didn't jump to line 726 because the condition on line 722 was always true
723 half_range = 1
725 # Set square extent
726 axins.set_extent(
727 [
728 lon_mid - half_range,
729 lon_mid + half_range,
730 lat_mid - half_range,
731 lat_mid + half_range,
732 ],
733 crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
734 )
736 # Ensure square aspect
737 axins.set_aspect("equal")
739 else:
740 # Add title.
741 axes.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
743 # Adjust padding if spatial plot or transect
744 if is_transect(cube):
745 yinfopad = -0.1
746 ycbarpad = 0.1
747 else:
748 yinfopad = 0.01
749 ycbarpad = 0.042
751 # Add watermark with min/max/mean. Currently not user togglable.
752 # In the bbox dictionary, fc and ec are hex colour codes for grey shade.
753 cube_min, cube_max, cube_mean = calc_array_stats(cube.data)
754 axes.annotate(
755 f"Min: {cube_min:.3g} Max: {cube_max:.3g} Mean: {cube_mean:.3g}",
756 xy=(0.025, yinfopad),
757 xycoords="axes fraction",
758 xytext=(-5, 5),
759 textcoords="offset points",
760 ha="left",
761 va="bottom",
762 size=11,
763 bbox={"boxstyle": "round", "fc": "#cccccc", "ec": "#808080", "alpha": 0.9},
764 )
766 # Add secondary colour bar for overlay_cube field if required.
767 if overlay_cube:
768 cbarB = fig.colorbar(
769 overlay, orientation="horizontal", location="bottom", pad=0.0, shrink=0.7
770 )
771 cbarB.set_label(label=f"{overlay_cube.name()} ({overlay_cube.units})", size=14)
772 # add ticks and tick_labels for every levels if less than 20 levels exist
773 if over_levels is not None and len(over_levels) < 20: 773 ↛ 774line 773 didn't jump to line 774 because the condition on line 773 was never true
774 cbarB.set_ticks(over_levels)
775 cbarB.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.2f}" for level in over_levels])
776 if any(
777 var in overlay_cube.name()
778 for var in ("rainfall", "snowfall", "visibility")
779 ):
780 cbarB.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in over_levels])
781 logger.debug("Set secondary colorbar ticks and labels.")
783 # Add main colour bar.
784 cbar = fig.colorbar(
785 plot, orientation="horizontal", location="bottom", pad=ycbarpad, shrink=0.7
786 )
788 cbar.set_label(label=f"{cube.name()} ({cube.units})", size=14)
789 # add ticks and tick_labels for every levels if less than 20 levels exist
790 if levels is not None and len(levels) < 20:
791 cbar.set_ticks(levels)
792 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.2f}" for level in levels])
793 if any(var in cube.name() for var in ("rainfall", "snowfall", "visibility")): 793 ↛ 796line 793 didn't jump to line 796 because the condition on line 793 was always true
794 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in levels])
795 # Tick labels for rainfall rates from Nimrod radar data.
796 if "rainfall rate composite" in cube.name(): 796 ↛ 797line 796 didn't jump to line 797 because the condition on line 796 was never true
797 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in levels])
798 # Tick labels for rain accumulations from Nimrod radar data.
799 if "rain accumulation" in cube.name(): 799 ↛ 800line 799 didn't jump to line 800 because the condition on line 799 was never true
800 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in levels])
801 if "wts accumulation" in cube.name(): 801 ↛ 802line 801 didn't jump to line 802 because the condition on line 801 was never true
802 tick_levels = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
803 cbar.minorticks_off()
804 cbar.set_ticks(tick_levels)
805 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in tick_levels])
806 cbar.set_label(label=f"{cube.name()}", size=14)
807 # Tick labels for model rainfall data.
808 if "surface_microphysical" in cube.name(): 808 ↛ 811line 808 didn't jump to line 811 because the condition on line 808 was always true
809 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.3g}" for level in levels])
810 # Tick labels for Nimrod weights data.
811 logger.debug("Set colorbar ticks and labels.")
813 # Save plot.
814 _save_close_figure(fig, "spatial", filename)
817def _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_spatial_plot(
818 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
819 filename: str,
820 stamp_coordinate: str,
821 title: str,
822 method: Literal["contourf", "pcolormesh"],
823 overlay_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
824 contour_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
825 **kwargs,
826):
827 """Plot postage stamp spatial plots from an ensemble.
829 Parameters
830 ----------
831 cube: Cube
832 Iris cube of data to be plotted. It must have the stamp coordinate.
833 filename: str
834 Filename of the plot to write.
835 stamp_coordinate: str
836 Coordinate that becomes different plots.
837 method: "contourf" | "pcolormesh"
838 The plotting method to use.
839 overlay_cube: Cube, optional
840 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot on top of base cube
841 contour_cube: Cube, optional
842 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot as contours over base cube
844 Raises
845 ------
846 ValueError
847 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
848 """
849 # Use the smallest square grid that will fit the members.
850 nmember = len(cube.coord(stamp_coordinate).points)
851 grid_rows = int(math.sqrt(nmember))
852 grid_size = math.ceil(nmember / grid_rows)
854 fig = plt.figure(
855 figsize=(10, 10 * max(grid_rows / grid_size, 0.5)), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k"
856 )
858 # Specify the color bar
859 cmap, levels, norm = colorbar_map_levels(cube)
860 # If overplotting, set required colorbars
861 if overlay_cube: 861 ↛ 862line 861 didn't jump to line 862 because the condition on line 861 was never true
862 over_cmap, over_levels, over_norm = colorbar_map_levels(overlay_cube)
863 if contour_cube: 863 ↛ 864line 863 didn't jump to line 864 because the condition on line 863 was never true
864 cntr_cmap, cntr_levels, cntr_norm = colorbar_map_levels(contour_cube)
866 # Make a subplot for each member.
867 for member, subplot in zip(
868 cube.slices_over(stamp_coordinate),
869 range(1, grid_size * grid_rows + 1),
870 strict=False,
871 ):
872 # Setup subplot map projection, extent and coastlines and borderlines.
873 axes = _setup_spatial_map(
874 member, fig, cmap, grid_size=(grid_rows, grid_size), subplot=subplot
875 )
876 if method == "contourf":
877 # Filled contour plot of the field.
878 plot = iplt.contourf(member, cmap=cmap, levels=levels, norm=norm)
879 elif method == "pcolormesh":
880 if levels is not None:
881 vmin = min(levels)
882 vmax = max(levels)
883 else:
884 raise TypeError("Unknown vmin and vmax range.")
885 vmin, vmax = None, None
886 # pcolormesh plot of the field and ensure to use norm and not vmin/vmax
887 # if levels are defined.
888 if norm is not None: 888 ↛ 889line 888 didn't jump to line 889 because the condition on line 888 was never true
889 vmin = None
890 vmax = None
891 # pcolormesh plot of the field.
892 plot = iplt.pcolormesh(member, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
893 else:
894 raise ValueError(f"Unknown plotting method: {method}")
896 # Overplot overlay field, if required
897 if overlay_cube: 897 ↛ 898line 897 didn't jump to line 898 because the condition on line 897 was never true
898 try:
899 over_vmin = min(over_levels)
900 over_vmax = max(over_levels)
901 except TypeError:
902 over_vmin, over_vmax = None, None
903 if over_norm is not None:
904 over_vmin = None
905 over_vmax = None
906 iplt.pcolormesh(
907 overlay_cube[member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points[0]],
908 cmap=over_cmap,
909 norm=over_norm,
910 alpha=0.6,
911 vmin=over_vmin,
912 vmax=over_vmax,
913 )
914 # Overplot contour field, if required
915 if contour_cube: 915 ↛ 916line 915 didn't jump to line 916 because the condition on line 915 was never true
916 iplt.contour(
917 contour_cube[member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points[0]],
918 colors="darkgray",
919 levels=cntr_levels,
920 norm=cntr_norm,
921 alpha=0.6,
922 linestyles="--",
923 linewidths=1,
924 )
925 mtitle = _set_postage_stamp_title(member.coord(stamp_coordinate))
926 axes.set_title(f"{mtitle}")
928 # Put the shared colorbar in its own axes.
929 colorbar_axes = fig.add_axes([0.15, 0.05, 0.7, 0.03])
930 colorbar = fig.colorbar(
931 plot, colorbar_axes, orientation="horizontal", pad=0.042, shrink=0.7
932 )
933 colorbar.set_label(f"{cube.name()} ({cube.units})", size=14)
935 # Overall figure title.
936 fig.suptitle(title, fontsize=16)
938 # Save plot.
939 _save_close_figure(fig, "contour postate stamp", filename)
942def _plot_and_save_line_series(
943 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList,
944 coords: list[iris.coords.Coord],
945 ensemble_coord: str,
946 filename: str,
947 title: str,
948 **kwargs,
949):
950 """Plot and save a 1D line series.
952 Parameters
953 ----------
954 cubes: Cube or CubeList
955 Cube or CubeList containing the cubes to plot on the y-axis.
956 coords: list[Coord]
957 Coordinates to plot on the x-axis, one per cube.
958 ensemble_coord: str
959 Ensemble coordinate in the cube.
960 filename: str
961 Filename of the plot to write.
962 title: str
963 Plot title.
964 """
965 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
967 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
969 # Store min/max ranges.
970 y_levels = []
972 # Check match-up across sequence coords gives consistent sizes
973 validate_cubes_coords(cubes, coords)
975 for cube, coord in zip(cubes, coords, strict=True):
976 label = None
977 color = "black"
978 if model_colors_map:
979 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
980 color = model_colors_map.get(label)
981 if not cube.coords(ensemble_coord): 981 ↛ 983line 981 didn't jump to line 983 because the condition on line 981 was never true
982 # No ensemble coordinate — plot the cube directly as a single line.
983 iplt.plot(coord, cube, color=color, marker="o", ls="-", lw=3, label=label)
984 else:
985 for cube_slice in cube.slices_over(ensemble_coord):
986 # Label with (control) if part of an ensemble or not otherwise.
987 if cube_slice.coord(ensemble_coord).points == [0]:
988 iplt.plot(
989 coord,
990 cube_slice,
991 color=color,
992 marker="o",
993 ls="-",
994 lw=3,
995 label=f"{label} (control)"
996 if len(cube.coord(ensemble_coord).points) > 1
997 else label,
998 )
999 # Label with (perturbed) if part of an ensemble and not the control.
1000 else:
1001 iplt.plot(
1002 coord,
1003 cube_slice,
1004 color=color,
1005 ls="-",
1006 lw=1.5,
1007 alpha=0.75,
1008 label=f"{label} (member)",
1009 )
1011 # Calculate the global min/max if multiple cubes are given.
1012 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube, axis="y")
1013 if levels is not None: 1013 ↛ 1014line 1013 didn't jump to line 1014 because the condition on line 1013 was never true
1014 y_levels.append(min(levels))
1015 y_levels.append(max(levels))
1017 # Get the current axes.
1018 ax = plt.gca()
1020 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1021 # check if cubes[0] works for single cube if not CubeList
1022 if coords[0].name() == "time":
1023 ax.set_xlabel(f"{coords[0].name()}", fontsize=14)
1024 else:
1025 ax.set_xlabel(f"{coords[0].name()} / {coords[0].units}", fontsize=14)
1026 ax.set_ylabel(f"{cubes[0].name()} / {cubes[0].units}", fontsize=14)
1027 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1029 ax.ticklabel_format(axis="y", useOffset=False)
1030 ax.tick_params(axis="x", labelrotation=15)
1031 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1033 # Set y limits to global min and max, autoscale if colorbar doesn't exist.
1034 if y_levels: 1034 ↛ 1035line 1034 didn't jump to line 1035 because the condition on line 1034 was never true
1035 ax.set_ylim(min(y_levels), max(y_levels))
1036 logger.debug("Line plot with y-axis limits %s-%s", min(y_levels), max(y_levels))
1037 else:
1038 ax.autoscale()
1040 # Add gridlines
1041 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
1042 # Add zero line
1043 ymin, ymax = ax.get_ylim()
1044 if ymin < 0.0 and ymax > 0.0:
1045 ax.axhline(y=0, xmin=0, xmax=1, ls="-", color="grey", lw=2)
1046 # Identify unique labels for legend
1047 handles = list(
1048 {
1049 label: handle
1050 for (handle, label) in zip(*ax.get_legend_handles_labels(), strict=True)
1051 }.values()
1052 )
1053 ax.legend(handles=handles, loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
1055 # Save plot.
1056 _save_close_figure(fig, "line", filename)
1059def _plot_and_save_line_power_spectrum_series(
1060 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
1061 coords: list[iris.coords.Coord],
1062 ensemble_coord: str,
1063 filename: str,
1064 title: str,
1065 series_coordinate: str,
1066 **kwargs,
1067):
1068 """Plot and save a 1D line series.
1070 Parameters
1071 ----------
1072 cubes: Cube or CubeList
1073 Cube or CubeList containing the cubes to plot on the y-axis.
1074 coords: list[Coord]
1075 Coordinates to plot on the x-axis, one per cube.
1076 ensemble_coord: str
1077 Ensemble coordinate in the cube.
1078 filename: str
1079 Filename of the plot to write.
1080 title: str
1081 Plot title.
1082 series_coordinate: str
1083 Coordinate being plotted on x-axis. In case of spectra frequency, physical_wavenumber, or wavelength.
1084 """
1085 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1086 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
1087 ax = plt.gca()
1089 # Store min/max ranges.
1090 y_levels = []
1092 line_marker = None
1093 line_width = 1
1095 for cube in iter_maybe(cubes):
1096 # next 2 lines replace chunk of code.
1097 xcoord = _select_series_coord(cube, series_coordinate)
1098 xname = xcoord.points
1100 yfield = cube.data # power spectrum
1102 # If data from power spectra is all np.nans (like T+0h rainfall field which
1103 # might be full of zeros), then set yfield to zeros so it doesn't crash the
1104 # plotting.
1105 if np.all(np.isnan(yfield)):
1106 yfield = np.zeros_like(yfield)
1108 label = None
1109 color = "black"
1110 if model_colors_map: 1110 ↛ 1113line 1110 didn't jump to line 1113 because the condition on line 1110 was always true
1111 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
1112 color = model_colors_map.get(label)
1113 for cube_slice in cube.slices_over(ensemble_coord):
1114 # Label with (control) if part of an ensemble or not otherwise.
1115 if cube_slice.coord(ensemble_coord).points == [0]: 1115 ↛ 1129line 1115 didn't jump to line 1129 because the condition on line 1115 was always true
1116 ax.plot(
1117 xname,
1118 yfield,
1119 color=color,
1120 marker=line_marker,
1121 ls="-",
1122 lw=line_width,
1123 label=f"{label} (control)"
1124 if len(cube.coord(ensemble_coord).points) > 1
1125 else label,
1126 )
1127 # Label with (perturbed) if part of an ensemble and not the control.
1128 else:
1129 ax.plot(
1130 xname,
1131 yfield,
1132 color=color,
1133 ls="-",
1134 lw=1.5,
1135 alpha=0.75,
1136 label=f"{label} (member)",
1137 )
1139 # Calculate the global min/max if multiple cubes are given.
1140 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube, axis="y")
1141 if levels is not None: 1141 ↛ 1142line 1141 didn't jump to line 1142 because the condition on line 1141 was never true
1142 y_levels.append(min(levels))
1143 y_levels.append(max(levels))
1145 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1147 title = f"{title}"
1148 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1150 # Set appropriate x-axis label based on coordinate
1151 if series_coordinate == "wavelength" or ( 1151 ↛ 1154line 1151 didn't jump to line 1154 because the condition on line 1151 was never true
1152 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "wavelength"
1153 ):
1154 ax.set_xlabel("Wavelength (km)", fontsize=14)
1155 elif series_coordinate == "physical_wavenumber" or ( 1155 ↛ 1158line 1155 didn't jump to line 1158 because the condition on line 1155 was never true
1156 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "physical_wavenumber"
1157 ):
1158 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
1159 else: # frequency or check units
1160 if hasattr(xcoord, "units") and str(xcoord.units) == "km-1": 1160 ↛ 1161line 1160 didn't jump to line 1161 because the condition on line 1160 was never true
1161 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
1162 else:
1163 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber", fontsize=14)
1165 ax.set_ylabel("Power Spectral Density", fontsize=14)
1166 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1168 # Set y limits to global min and max, autoscale if colorbar doesn't exist.
1170 # Set log-log scale
1171 ax.set_xscale("log")
1172 ax.set_yscale("log")
1174 # Add gridlines
1175 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
1176 # Ientify unique labels for legend
1177 handles = list(
1178 {
1179 label: handle
1180 for (handle, label) in zip(*ax.get_legend_handles_labels(), strict=True)
1181 }.values()
1182 )
1183 ax.legend(handles=handles, loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
1185 # Save plot.
1186 _save_close_figure(fig, "line power spectrum", filename)
1189def _plot_and_save_vertical_line_series(
1190 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList,
1191 coords: list[iris.coords.Coord],
1192 ensemble_coord: str,
1193 filename: str,
1194 series_coordinate: str,
1195 title: str,
1196 vmin: float,
1197 vmax: float,
1198 **kwargs,
1199):
1200 """Plot and save a 1D line series in vertical.
1202 Parameters
1203 ----------
1204 cubes: CubeList
1205 1 dimensional Cube or CubeList of the data to plot on x-axis.
1206 coord: list[Coord]
1207 Coordinates to plot on the y-axis, one per cube.
1208 ensemble_coord: str
1209 Ensemble coordinate in the cube.
1210 filename: str
1211 Filename of the plot to write.
1212 series_coordinate: str
1213 Coordinate to use as vertical axis.
1214 title: str
1215 Plot title.
1216 vmin: float
1217 Minimum value for the x-axis.
1218 vmax: float
1219 Maximum value for the x-axis.
1220 """
1221 # plot the vertical pressure axis using log scale
1222 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1224 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
1226 # Check match-up across sequence coords gives consistent sizes
1227 validate_cubes_coords(cubes, coords)
1229 for cube, coord in zip(cubes, coords, strict=True):
1230 label = None
1231 color = "black"
1232 if model_colors_map: 1232 ↛ 1233line 1232 didn't jump to line 1233 because the condition on line 1232 was never true
1233 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
1234 color = model_colors_map.get(label)
1236 for cube_slice in cube.slices_over(ensemble_coord):
1237 # If ensemble data given plot control member with (control)
1238 # unless single forecast.
1239 if cube_slice.coord(ensemble_coord).points == [0]:
1240 iplt.plot(
1241 cube_slice,
1242 coord,
1243 color=color,
1244 marker="o",
1245 ls="-",
1246 lw=3,
1247 label=f"{label} (control)"
1248 if len(cube.coord(ensemble_coord).points) > 1
1249 else label,
1250 )
1251 # If ensemble data given plot perturbed members with (perturbed).
1252 else:
1253 iplt.plot(
1254 cube_slice,
1255 coord,
1256 color=color,
1257 ls="-",
1258 lw=1.5,
1259 alpha=0.75,
1260 label=f"{label} (member)",
1261 )
1263 # Get the current axis
1264 ax = plt.gca()
1266 # Special handling for pressure level data.
1267 if series_coordinate == "pressure": 1267 ↛ 1289line 1267 didn't jump to line 1289 because the condition on line 1267 was always true
1268 # Invert y-axis and set to log scale.
1269 ax.invert_yaxis()
1270 ax.set_yscale("log")
1272 # Define y-ticks and labels for pressure log axis.
1273 y_tick_labels = [
1274 "1000",
1275 "850",
1276 "700",
1277 "500",
1278 "300",
1279 "200",
1280 "100",
1281 ]
1282 y_ticks = [1000, 850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100]
1284 # Set y-axis limits and ticks.
1285 ax.set_ylim(1100, 100)
1287 # Test if series_coordinate is model level data. The UM data uses
1288 # model_level_number and lfric uses full_levels as coordinate.
1289 elif series_coordinate in ("model_level_number", "full_levels", "half_levels"):
1290 # Define y-ticks and labels for vertical axis.
1291 y_ticks = iter_maybe(cubes)[0].coord(series_coordinate).points
1292 y_tick_labels = [str(int(i)) for i in y_ticks]
1293 ax.set_ylim(min(y_ticks), max(y_ticks))
1295 ax.set_yticks(y_ticks)
1296 ax.set_yticklabels(y_tick_labels)
1298 # Set x-axis limits.
1299 ax.set_xlim(vmin, vmax)
1300 # Mark y=0 if present in plot.
1301 if vmin < 0.0 and vmax > 0.0: 1301 ↛ 1302line 1301 didn't jump to line 1302 because the condition on line 1301 was never true
1302 ax.axvline(x=0, ymin=0, ymax=1, ls="-", color="grey", lw=2)
1304 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1305 ax.set_ylabel(f"{coord.name()} / {coord.units}", fontsize=14)
1306 ax.set_xlabel(
1307 f"{iter_maybe(cubes)[0].name()} / {iter_maybe(cubes)[0].units}", fontsize=14
1308 )
1309 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1310 ax.ticklabel_format(axis="x")
1311 ax.tick_params(axis="y")
1312 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1314 # Add gridlines
1315 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
1316 # Ientify unique labels for legend
1317 handles = list(
1318 {
1319 label: handle
1320 for (handle, label) in zip(*ax.get_legend_handles_labels(), strict=True)
1321 }.values()
1322 )
1323 ax.legend(handles=handles, loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
1325 # Save plot.
1326 _save_close_figure(fig, "vertical line", filename)
1329def _plot_and_save_scatter_plot(
1330 cube_x: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
1331 cube_y: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
1332 filename: str,
1333 title: str,
1334 one_to_one: bool,
1335 model_names: list[str] | None = None,
1336 **kwargs,
1337):
1338 """Plot and save a 2D scatter plot.
1340 Parameters
1341 ----------
1342 cube_x: Cube | CubeList
1343 1 dimensional Cube or CubeList of the data to plot on x-axis.
1344 cube_y: Cube | CubeList
1345 1 dimensional Cube or CubeList of the data to plot on y-axis.
1346 filename: str
1347 Filename of the plot to write.
1348 title: str
1349 Plot title.
1350 one_to_one: bool
1351 Whether a 1:1 line is plotted.
1352 """
1353 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1354 # plot the cube_x and cube_y 1D fields as a scatter plot. If they are CubeLists this ensures
1355 # to pair each cube from cube_x with the corresponding cube from cube_y, allowing to iterate
1356 # over the pairs simultaneously.
1358 # Ensure cube_x and cube_y are iterable
1359 cube_x_iterable = iter_maybe(cube_x)
1360 cube_y_iterable = iter_maybe(cube_y)
1362 for cube_x_iter, cube_y_iter in zip(cube_x_iterable, cube_y_iterable, strict=True):
1363 iplt.scatter(cube_x_iter, cube_y_iter)
1364 if one_to_one is True:
1365 plt.plot(
1366 [
1367 np.nanmin([np.nanmin(cube_y.data), np.nanmin(cube_x.data)]),
1368 np.nanmax([np.nanmax(cube_y.data), np.nanmax(cube_x.data)]),
1369 ],
1370 [
1371 np.nanmin([np.nanmin(cube_y.data), np.nanmin(cube_x.data)]),
1372 np.nanmax([np.nanmax(cube_y.data), np.nanmax(cube_x.data)]),
1373 ],
1374 "k",
1375 linestyle="--",
1376 )
1377 ax = plt.gca()
1379 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1380 if model_names is None:
1381 ax.set_xlabel(f"{cube_x[0].name()} / {cube_x[0].units}", fontsize=14)
1382 ax.set_ylabel(f"{cube_y[0].name()} / {cube_y[0].units}", fontsize=14)
1383 else:
1384 # Add the model names, these should be order of base (x) and other (y).
1385 ax.set_xlabel(
1386 f"{model_names[0]}_{cube_x[0].name()} / {cube_x[0].units}", fontsize=14
1387 )
1388 ax.set_ylabel(
1389 f"{model_names[1]}_{cube_y[0].name()} / {cube_y[0].units}", fontsize=14
1390 )
1391 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1392 ax.ticklabel_format(axis="y", useOffset=False)
1393 ax.tick_params(axis="x", labelrotation=15)
1394 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1395 ax.autoscale()
1397 # Save plot.
1398 _save_close_figure(fig, "scatter", filename)
1401def _plot_and_save_vector_plot(
1402 cube_u: iris.cube.Cube,
1403 cube_v: iris.cube.Cube,
1404 filename: str,
1405 title: str,
1406 method: Literal["contourf", "pcolormesh"],
1407 **kwargs,
1408):
1409 """Plot and save a 2D vector plot.
1411 Parameters
1412 ----------
1413 cube_u: Cube
1414 2 dimensional Cube of u component of the data.
1415 cube_v: Cube
1416 2 dimensional Cube of v component of the data.
1417 filename: str
1418 Filename of the plot to write.
1419 title: str
1420 Plot title.
1421 """
1422 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1423 # Create a cube containing the magnitude of the vector field.
1424 cube_vec_mag = (cube_u**2 + cube_v**2) ** 0.5
1425 cube_vec_mag.rename(f"{cube_u.long_name}_{cube_v.long_name}_magnitude")
1426 if "eastward_wind" in cube_u.long_name and "northward_wind" in cube_v.long_name:
1427 cube_vec_mag.rename(
1428 "wind_speed" + cube_u.long_name.replace("eastward_wind", "")
1429 )
1431 # Specify the color bar
1432 cmap, levels, norm = colorbar_map_levels(cube_vec_mag)
1434 # Setup plot map projection, extent and coastlines and borderlines.
1435 axes = _setup_spatial_map(cube_vec_mag, fig, cmap)
1437 if method == "contourf":
1438 # Filled contour plot of the field.
1439 plot = iplt.contourf(cube_vec_mag, cmap=cmap, levels=levels, norm=norm)
1440 elif method == "pcolormesh":
1441 try:
1442 vmin = min(levels)
1443 vmax = max(levels)
1444 except TypeError:
1445 vmin, vmax = None, None
1446 # pcolormesh plot of the field and ensure to use norm and not vmin/vmax
1447 # if levels are defined.
1448 if norm is not None:
1449 vmin = None
1450 vmax = None
1451 plot = iplt.pcolormesh(cube_vec_mag, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
1452 else:
1453 raise ValueError(f"Unknown plotting method: {method}")
1455 # Check to see if transect, and if so, adjust y axis.
1456 if is_transect(cube_vec_mag):
1457 if "pressure" in [coord.name() for coord in cube_vec_mag.coords()]:
1458 axes.invert_yaxis()
1459 axes.set_yscale("log")
1460 axes.set_ylim(1100, 100)
1461 # If both model_level_number and level_height exists, iplt can construct
1462 # plot as a function of height above orography (NOT sea level).
1463 elif {"model_level_number", "level_height"}.issubset(
1464 {coord.name() for coord in cube_vec_mag.coords()}
1465 ):
1466 axes.set_yscale("log")
1468 axes.set_title(
1469 f"{title}\n"
1470 f"Start Lat: {cube_vec_mag.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[0]}"
1471 f" Start Lon: {cube_vec_mag.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[1]}"
1472 f" End Lat: {cube_vec_mag.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[2]}"
1473 f" End Lon: {cube_vec_mag.attributes['transect_coords'].split('_')[3]}",
1474 fontsize=16,
1475 )
1477 else:
1478 # Add title.
1479 axes.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1481 # Add watermark with min/max/mean. Currently not user togglable.
1482 # In the bbox dictionary, fc and ec are hex colour codes for grey shade.
1483 cube_min, cube_max, cube_mean = calc_array_stats(cube_vec_mag.data)
1484 axes.annotate(
1485 f"Min: {cube_min:.3g} Max: {cube_max:.3g} Mean: {cube_mean:.3g}",
1486 xy=(0.05, -0.05),
1487 xycoords="axes fraction",
1488 xytext=(-5, 5),
1489 textcoords="offset points",
1490 ha="right",
1491 va="bottom",
1492 size=11,
1493 bbox={"boxstyle": "round", "fc": "#cccccc", "ec": "#808080", "alpha": 0.9},
1494 )
1496 # Add colour bar.
1497 cbar = fig.colorbar(plot, orientation="horizontal", pad=0.042, shrink=0.7)
1498 cbar.set_label(label=f"{cube_vec_mag.name()} ({cube_vec_mag.units})", size=14)
1499 # add ticks and tick_labels for every levels if less than 20 levels exist
1500 if levels is not None and len(levels) < 20:
1501 cbar.set_ticks(levels)
1502 cbar.set_ticklabels([f"{level:.1f}" for level in levels])
1504 # 30 barbs along the longest axis of the plot, or a barb per point for data
1505 # with less than 30 points.
1506 step = max(max(cube_u.shape) // 30, 1)
1507 iplt.quiver(cube_u[::step, ::step], cube_v[::step, ::step], pivot="middle")
1509 # Save plot.
1510 _save_close_figure(fig, "vector", filename)
1513def _plot_and_save_histogram_series(
1514 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
1515 filename: str,
1516 title: str,
1517 vmin: float,
1518 vmax: float,
1519 **kwargs,
1520):
1521 """Plot and save a histogram series.
1523 Parameters
1524 ----------
1525 cubes: Cube or CubeList
1526 2 dimensional Cube or CubeList of the data to plot as histogram.
1527 filename: str
1528 Filename of the plot to write.
1529 title: str
1530 Plot title.
1531 vmin: float
1532 minimum for colorbar
1533 vmax: float
1534 maximum for colorbar
1535 """
1536 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1537 ax = plt.gca()
1539 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
1541 # Set default that histograms will produce probability density function
1542 # at each bin (integral over range sums to 1).
1543 density = True
1545 for cube in iter_maybe(cubes):
1546 # Easier to check title (where var name originates)
1547 # than seeing if long names exist etc.
1548 # Exception case, where distribution better fits log scales/bins.
1549 if (
1550 ("surface_microphysical" in title)
1551 or ("rain accumulation" in title)
1552 or ("Rainfall rate Composite" in title)
1553 or ("Nimrod_5min" in title)
1554 ):
1555 if "amount" in title:
1556 # Compute histogram following Klingaman et al. (2017): ASoP
1557 bin2 = np.exp(np.log(0.02) + 0.1 * np.linspace(0, 99, 100))
1558 bins = np.pad(bin2, (1, 0), "constant", constant_values=0)
1559 density = False
1560 else:
1561 bins = 10.0 ** (
1562 np.arange(-10, 27, 1) / 10.0
1563 ) # Suggestion from RMED toolbox.
1564 bins = np.insert(bins, 0, 0)
1565 ax.set_yscale("log")
1566 vmin = bins[1]
1567 vmax = bins[-1] # Manually set vmin/vmax to override json derived value.
1568 ax.set_xscale("log")
1569 elif "lightning" in title:
1570 bins = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
1571 else:
1572 bins = np.linspace(vmin, vmax, 51)
1573 logger.debug(
1574 "Plotting histogram with %s bins %s - %s.",
1575 np.size(bins),
1576 np.min(bins),
1577 np.max(bins),
1578 )
1580 # Reshape cube data into a single array to allow for a single histogram.
1581 # Otherwise we plot xdim histograms stacked.
1582 cube_data_1d = (cube.data).flatten()
1584 label = None
1585 color = "black"
1586 if model_colors_map:
1587 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
1588 color = model_colors_map[label]
1589 x, y = np.histogram(cube_data_1d, bins=bins, density=density)
1591 # Compute area under curve.
1592 if (
1593 ("surface_microphysical" in title and "amount" in title)
1594 or ("rain_accumulation" in title)
1595 or ("Rainfall rate Composite" in title)
1596 or ("Nimrod_5min" in title)
1597 ):
1598 bin_mean = (bins[:-1] + bins[1:]) / 2.0
1599 x = x * bin_mean / x.sum()
1600 x = x[1:]
1601 y = y[1:]
1603 ax.plot(
1604 y[:-1], x, color=color, linewidth=3, marker="o", markersize=6, label=label
1605 )
1607 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1608 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1609 ax.set_xlabel(
1610 f"{iter_maybe(cubes)[0].name()} / {iter_maybe(cubes)[0].units}", fontsize=14
1611 )
1612 ax.set_ylabel("Normalised probability density", fontsize=14)
1613 if (
1614 ("surface_microphysical" in title and "amount" in title)
1615 or ("rain accumulation" in title)
1616 or ("Nimrod_5min" in title)
1617 ):
1618 ax.set_ylabel(
1619 f"Contribution to mean ({iter_maybe(cubes)[0].units})", fontsize=14
1620 )
1621 try:
1622 ax.set_xlim(vmin, vmax)
1623 except ValueError:
1624 pass
1625 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1627 # Overlay grid-lines onto histogram plot.
1628 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
1629 if model_colors_map:
1630 ax.legend(loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
1632 # Save plot.
1633 _save_close_figure(fig, "histogram", filename)
1636def _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_histogram_series(
1637 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
1638 filename: str,
1639 title: str,
1640 stamp_coordinate: str,
1641 vmin: float,
1642 vmax: float,
1643 **kwargs,
1644):
1645 """Plot and save postage (ensemble members) stamps for a histogram series.
1647 Parameters
1648 ----------
1649 cube: Cube
1650 2 dimensional Cube of the data to plot as histogram.
1651 filename: str
1652 Filename of the plot to write.
1653 title: str
1654 Plot title.
1655 stamp_coordinate: str
1656 Coordinate that becomes different plots.
1657 vmin: float
1658 minimum for pdf x-axis
1659 vmax: float
1660 maximum for pdf x-axis
1661 """
1662 # Use the smallest square grid that will fit the members.
1663 nmember = len(cube.coord(stamp_coordinate).points)
1664 grid_rows = int(math.sqrt(nmember))
1665 grid_size = math.ceil(nmember / grid_rows)
1667 fig = plt.figure(
1668 figsize=(10, 10 * max(grid_rows / grid_size, 0.5)), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k"
1669 )
1670 # Make a subplot for each member.
1671 for member, subplot in zip(
1672 cube.slices_over(stamp_coordinate),
1673 range(1, grid_size * grid_rows + 1),
1674 strict=False,
1675 ):
1676 # Implicit interface is much easier here, due to needing to have the
1677 # cartopy GeoAxes generated.
1678 plt.subplot(grid_rows, grid_size, subplot)
1679 # Reshape cube data into a single array to allow for a single histogram.
1680 # Otherwise we plot xdim histograms stacked.
1681 member_data_1d = (member.data).flatten()
1682 plt.hist(member_data_1d, density=True, stacked=True)
1683 axes = plt.gca()
1684 mtitle = _set_postage_stamp_title(member.coord(stamp_coordinate))
1685 axes.set_title(f"{mtitle}")
1686 axes.set_xlim(vmin, vmax)
1688 # Overall figure title.
1689 fig.suptitle(title, fontsize=16)
1691 # Save plot.
1692 _save_close_figure(fig, "histogram postage stamp", filename)
1695def _plot_and_save_postage_stamps_in_single_plot_histogram_series(
1696 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
1697 filename: str,
1698 title: str,
1699 stamp_coordinate: str,
1700 vmin: float,
1701 vmax: float,
1702 **kwargs,
1703):
1704 fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1705 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1706 ax.set_xlim(vmin, vmax)
1707 ax.set_xlabel(f"{cube.name()} / {cube.units}", fontsize=14)
1708 ax.set_ylabel("normalised probability density", fontsize=14)
1709 # Loop over all slices along the stamp_coordinate
1710 for member in cube.slices_over(stamp_coordinate):
1711 # Flatten the member data to 1D
1712 member_data_1d = member.data.flatten()
1713 # Plot the histogram using plt.hist
1714 mtitle = _set_postage_stamp_title(member.coord(stamp_coordinate))
1715 plt.hist(
1716 member_data_1d,
1717 density=True,
1718 stacked=True,
1719 label=f"{mtitle}",
1720 )
1722 # Add a legend
1723 ax.legend(fontsize=16)
1725 # Save plot.
1726 _save_close_figure(fig, "histogram postage stamp", filename)
1729def _plot_and_save_scatter_series(
1730 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
1731 filename: str,
1732 title: str,
1733 vmin: float,
1734 vmax: float,
1735 hexbin: bool,
1736 **kwargs,
1737):
1738 """Plot and save a scatter plot series.
1740 Parameters
1741 ----------
1742 cubes: Cube or CubeList
1743 2 dimensional Cube or CubeList of the data to plot as scatter.
1744 filename: str
1745 Filename of the plot to write.
1746 title: str
1747 Plot title.
1748 vmin: float
1749 minimum for colorbar
1750 vmax: float
1751 maximum for colorbar
1752 hexbin: bool
1753 Flag to set output scatter generated as a hexbin frequency distribution plot of 2 cubes on single plot.
1754 Else scatter of all points, with potential to overplot many comparisons on same plot.
1755 """
1756 if hexbin:
1757 # Check cubes using same functionality as the difference operator.
1758 if len(cubes) != 2:
1759 raise ValueError(
1760 "Cubes should contain exactly 2 cubes for hexbin plotting."
1761 )
1762 title = title.replace("scatter", "hexbin")
1763 filename = filename.replace("scatter", "hexbin")
1765 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
1766 ax = plt.gca()
1768 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
1770 percentiles = np.arange(0, 100, 5)
1771 percentiles[0] = 1
1772 percentiles[-1] = 99
1773 quantiles = iris.cube.CubeList()
1775 # Loop through all output cubes for both data points and overplotting quantiles.
1776 # Set indexing of nplot to avoid plotting 1:1 scatter of cubes[0] vs cubes[0]
1777 for plottype in ["points", "quantiles"]:
1778 nplot = 0
1779 for cube in iter_maybe(cubes):
1780 label = None
1781 color = "black"
1782 if model_colors_map: 1782 ↛ 1787line 1782 didn't jump to line 1787 because the condition on line 1782 was always true
1783 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
1784 color = model_colors_map[label]
1786 # Plot all data points
1787 if plottype == "points":
1788 if nplot > 0:
1789 if hexbin:
1790 hb = plt.hexbin(
1791 cubes[0].data.flatten(),
1792 cube.data.flatten(),
1793 alpha=0.3,
1794 gridsize=100,
1795 mincnt=1,
1796 )
1797 else:
1798 plt.scatter(
1799 cubes[0].data.flatten(),
1800 cube.data.flatten(),
1801 color=color,
1802 marker="+",
1803 label=None,
1804 alpha=0.3,
1805 )
1807 elif plottype == "quantiles": 1807 ↛ 1826line 1807 didn't jump to line 1826 because the condition on line 1807 was always true
1808 # Construct Q-Q plot
1809 quantiles.append(
1810 cube.collapsed(
1811 cube.coords(dim_coords=True),
1812 iris.analysis.PERCENTILE,
1813 percent=percentiles,
1814 )
1815 )
1816 if nplot > 0:
1817 iplt.scatter(
1818 quantiles[0],
1819 quantiles[-1],
1820 color=color,
1821 marker="o",
1822 label=label,
1823 edgecolors="black",
1824 )
1826 nplot = nplot + 1
1828 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
1829 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
1830 ax.set_xlabel(
1831 f"{iter_maybe(cubes)[0].name()} / {iter_maybe(cubes)[0].units}", fontsize=14
1832 )
1833 ax.set_ylabel(
1834 f"{iter_maybe(cubes)[1].name()} / {iter_maybe(cubes)[1].units}", fontsize=14
1835 )
1836 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
1837 ax.autoscale()
1839 # Set 1:1 line and equal axes if scatter plot of common cube names
1840 nameA = iter_maybe(cubes)[0].name()
1841 nameB = iter_maybe(cubes)[1].name()
1842 if any(part in nameB.split("_") for part in nameA.split("_")): 1842 ↛ 1853line 1842 didn't jump to line 1853 because the condition on line 1842 was always true
1843 lims = [
1844 np.min([ax.get_xlim(), ax.get_ylim()]), # min of both axes
1845 np.max([ax.get_xlim(), ax.get_ylim()]), # max of both axes
1846 ]
1847 ax.plot(lims, lims, "k-", alpha=0.75, zorder=0)
1848 ax.set_aspect("equal")
1849 ax.set_xlim(lims)
1850 ax.set_ylim(lims)
1852 # Overlay grid-lines onto scatter plot.
1853 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
1854 if model_colors_map: 1854 ↛ 1858line 1854 didn't jump to line 1858 because the condition on line 1854 was always true
1855 ax.legend(loc="upper left", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
1857 # Add colorbar if hexbin output
1858 if hexbin:
1859 cb = plt.colorbar(
1860 hb, orientation="horizontal", location="bottom", pad=0.08, shrink=0.7
1861 )
1862 cb.set_label("Number of data points", size=12)
1864 # Save plot.
1865 _save_close_figure(fig, "scatter", filename)
1868def _spatial_plot(
1869 method: Literal["contourf", "pcolormesh", "scatter"],
1870 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
1871 filename: str | None,
1872 sequence_coordinate: str,
1873 stamp_coordinate: str,
1874 overlay_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
1875 contour_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
1876 point_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
1877 **kwargs,
1878):
1879 """Plot a spatial variable onto a map from a 2D, 3D, or 4D cube.
1881 A 2D spatial field can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate is present
1882 then a sequence of plots will be produced. Similarly if the stamp_coordinate
1883 is present then postage stamp plots will be produced.
1885 If any optional overlay_cube, contour_cube or point_cube are specified, multiple data layers can
1886 be overplotted on the same figure.
1888 Parameters
1889 ----------
1890 method: "contourf" | "pcolormesh" | "scatter"
1891 The plotting method to use.
1892 Select choice of "contourf" or "pcolormesh" for gridded data.
1893 Use "scatter" for point-based data.
1894 cube: Cube
1895 Iris cube of the data to plot. It should have two spatial dimensions,
1896 such as lat and lon, and may also have a another two dimension to be
1897 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots.
1898 filename: str | None
1899 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. If None
1900 uses the recipe name.
1901 sequence_coordinate: str
1902 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
1903 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
1904 stamp_coordinate: str
1905 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
1906 ``"realization"``.
1907 overlay_cube: Cube | None, optional
1908 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot on top of base cube
1909 contour_cube: Cube | None, optional
1910 Optional 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot as contours over base cube
1911 point_cube: Cube | None, optional
1912 Optional 1 dimensional (e.g. list of points) or 2 dimensional (lat and lon) Cube of data to overplot as map of scatter points over base cube
1914 Raises
1915 ------
1916 ValueError
1917 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
1918 TypeError
1919 If the cube isn't a single cube.
1920 """
1921 # Ensure we've got a single cube.
1922 cube = check_single_cube(cube)
1924 # Set title based on recipe metadata or use cube name
1925 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", cube.name())
1927 # Check if there is a valid stamp coordinate in cube dimensions.
1928 if stamp_coordinate == "realization": 1928 ↛ 1933line 1928 didn't jump to line 1933 because the condition on line 1928 was always true
1929 stamp_coordinate = check_stamp_coordinate(cube)
1931 # Make postage stamp plots if stamp_coordinate exists and has more than a
1932 # single point.
1933 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_spatial_plot
1934 try:
1935 if cube.coord(stamp_coordinate).shape[0] > 1:
1936 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_spatial_plot
1937 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError:
1938 pass
1940 # Produce a geographical scatter plot if the data have a
1941 # dimension called observation or model_obs_error
1942 if any(
1943 crd.var_name == "station"
1944 or crd.var_name == "Station_Name"
1945 or crd.var_name == "model_obs_error"
1946 for crd in cube.coords()
1947 ):
1948 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_spatial_plot
1949 method = "scatter"
1951 # Must have a sequence coordinate.
1952 try:
1953 cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
1954 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError as err:
1955 raise ValueError(f"Cube must have a {sequence_coordinate} coordinate.") from err
1957 # Create a plot for each value of the sequence coordinate.
1958 plot_index = []
1959 nplot = np.size(cube.coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
1961 for iseq, cube_slice in enumerate(cube.slices_over(sequence_coordinate)):
1962 # Set plot titles and filename
1963 seq_coord = cube_slice.coord(sequence_coordinate)
1965 if "model_name" in cube.attributes: 1965 ↛ 1966line 1965 didn't jump to line 1966 because the condition on line 1965 was never true
1966 model_name = cube.attributes["model_name"]
1967 else:
1968 model_name = None
1970 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
1971 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename, model_name=model_name
1972 )
1974 # Extract sequence slice for overlay_cube, contour_cube and point_cube if required.
1975 overlay_slice = slice_over_maybe(overlay_cube, sequence_coordinate, iseq)
1976 contour_slice = slice_over_maybe(contour_cube, sequence_coordinate, iseq)
1977 point_slice = slice_over_maybe(point_cube, sequence_coordinate, iseq)
1979 # Do the actual plotting.
1980 plotting_func(
1981 cube_slice,
1982 filename=plot_filename,
1983 stamp_coordinate=stamp_coordinate,
1984 title=plot_title,
1985 method=method,
1986 overlay_cube=overlay_slice,
1987 contour_cube=contour_slice,
1988 point_cube=point_slice,
1989 **kwargs,
1990 )
1991 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
1993 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
1994 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
1996 # Make a page to display the plots.
1997 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
2000####################
2001# Public functions #
2002####################
2005def spatial_contour_plot(
2006 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
2007 filename: str | None = None,
2008 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
2009 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
2010 **kwargs,
2011) -> iris.cube.Cube:
2012 """Plot a spatial variable onto a map from a 2D, 3D, or 4D cube.
2014 A 2D spatial field can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate is present
2015 then a sequence of plots will be produced. Similarly if the stamp_coordinate
2016 is present then postage stamp plots will be produced.
2018 Parameters
2019 ----------
2020 cube: Cube
2021 Iris cube of the data to plot. It should have two spatial dimensions,
2022 such as lat and lon, and may also have a another two dimension to be
2023 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots.
2024 filename: str, optional
2025 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
2026 to the recipe name.
2027 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
2028 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
2029 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
2030 stamp_coordinate: str, optional
2031 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
2032 ``"realization"``.
2034 Returns
2035 -------
2036 Cube
2037 The original cube (so further operations can be applied).
2039 Raises
2040 ------
2041 ValueError
2042 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
2043 TypeError
2044 If the cube isn't a single cube.
2045 """
2046 _spatial_plot(
2047 "contourf", cube, filename, sequence_coordinate, stamp_coordinate, **kwargs
2048 )
2049 return cube
2052def spatial_pcolormesh_plot(
2053 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
2054 filename: str | None = None,
2055 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
2056 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
2057 **kwargs,
2058) -> iris.cube.Cube:
2059 """Plot a spatial variable onto a map from a 2D, 3D, or 4D cube.
2061 A 2D spatial field can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate is present
2062 then a sequence of plots will be produced. Similarly if the stamp_coordinate
2063 is present then postage stamp plots will be produced.
2065 This function is significantly faster than ``spatial_contour_plot``,
2066 especially at high resolutions, and should be preferred unless contiguous
2067 contour areas are important.
2069 Parameters
2070 ----------
2071 cube: Cubes
2072 Iris cube or cubelist of the data to plot. Each cube should have two spatial dimensions,
2073 such as lat and lon, and may also have a another two dimension to be
2074 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots.
2075 filename: str, optional
2076 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
2077 to the recipe name.
2078 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
2079 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
2080 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
2081 stamp_coordinate: str, optional
2082 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
2083 ``"realization"``.
2085 Returns
2086 -------
2087 Cubes
2088 The original cube/cubelist (so further operations can be applied).
2090 Raises
2091 ------
2092 ValueError
2093 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
2094 """
2095 if isinstance(cubes, iris.cube.CubeList): 2095 ↛ 2096line 2095 didn't jump to line 2096 because the condition on line 2095 was never true
2096 for model_cube in cubes:
2097 _spatial_plot(
2098 "pcolormesh",
2099 model_cube,
2100 filename,
2101 sequence_coordinate,
2102 stamp_coordinate,
2103 **kwargs,
2104 )
2105 elif isinstance(cubes, iris.cube.Cube): 2105 ↛ 2114line 2105 didn't jump to line 2114 because the condition on line 2105 was always true
2106 _spatial_plot(
2107 "pcolormesh",
2108 cubes,
2109 filename,
2110 sequence_coordinate,
2111 stamp_coordinate,
2112 **kwargs,
2113 )
2114 return cubes
2117def spatial_multi_pcolormesh_plot(
2118 cube: iris.cube.Cube,
2119 overlay_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
2120 contour_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
2121 point_cube: iris.cube.Cube | None = None,
2122 filename: str | None = None,
2123 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
2124 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
2125 **kwargs,
2126) -> iris.cube.Cube:
2127 """Plot a set of spatial variables onto a map from a 2D, 3D, or 4D cube.
2129 A 2D basis cube spatial field can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate is present
2130 then a sequence of plots will be produced. Similarly if the stamp_coordinate
2131 is present then postage stamp plots will be produced.
2133 If specified, a masked overlay_cube can be overplotted on top of the base cube.
2135 If specified, contours of a contour_cube can be overplotted on top of those.
2137 If specified, a spatial scatter map of point_cube can be overplotted.
2139 For single-variable equivalent of this routine, use spatial_pcolormesh_plot.
2141 This function is significantly faster than ``spatial_contour_plot``,
2142 especially at high resolutions, and should be preferred unless contiguous
2143 contour areas are important.
2145 Parameters
2146 ----------
2147 cube: Cube
2148 Iris cube of the data to plot. It should have two spatial dimensions,
2149 such as lat and lon, and may also have two additional dimensions to be
2150 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots.
2151 overlay_cube: Cube, optional
2152 Iris cube of the data to plot as an overlay on top of basis cube. It should have two spatial dimensions,
2153 such as lat and lon, and may also have two additional dimensions to be
2154 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots. This is likely to be a masked cube in order not to hide the underlying basis cube.
2155 If not provided, output plot generated without overlay cube.
2156 contour_cube: Cube, optional
2157 Iris cube of the data to plot as a contour overlay on top of basis cube (and overlay_cube). It should have two spatial dimensions,
2158 such as lat and lon, and may also have two additional dimensions to be
2159 plotted sequentially and/or as postage stamp plots. If not provided, output plot generated without contours.
2160 point_cube: Cube, optional
2161 Iris cube of the data to plot as a scatter map overlay on top of basis cube (overlay_cube and/or contour_cube). It should have two
2162 spatial dimensions, such as lat and lon, but these can describe a 1-D cube (e.g. list of
2163 observation stations with lat/lon coordinates) and may also have two additional dimensions to be plotted sequentially and/or as
2164 postage stamp plots. If not provided, output plot generated without point-based layer.
2165 filename: str, optional
2166 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
2167 to the recipe name.
2168 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
2169 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
2170 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
2171 stamp_coordinate: str, optional
2172 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
2173 ``"realization"``.
2175 Returns
2176 -------
2177 Cube
2178 The original cube (so further operations can be applied).
2180 Raises
2181 ------
2182 ValueError
2183 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
2184 TypeError
2185 If the cube isn't a single cube.
2186 """
2187 _spatial_plot(
2188 "pcolormesh",
2189 cube,
2190 filename,
2191 sequence_coordinate,
2192 stamp_coordinate,
2193 overlay_cube=overlay_cube,
2194 contour_cube=contour_cube,
2195 point_cube=point_cube,
2196 )
2197 return cube, overlay_cube, contour_cube, point_cube
2200# TODO: Expand function to handle ensemble data.
2201# line_coordinate: str, optional
2202# Coordinate about which to plot multiple lines. Defaults to
2203# ``"realization"``.
2204def plot_line_series(
2205 cube: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
2206 filename: str | None = None,
2207 series_coordinate: str = "time",
2208 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
2209 # add the following for ensembles
2210 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
2211 single_plot: bool = False,
2212 **kwargs,
2213) -> iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList:
2214 """Plot a line plot for the specified coordinate.
2216 The Cube or CubeList must be 1D.
2218 Parameters
2219 ----------
2220 iris.cube | iris.cube.CubeList
2221 Cube or CubeList of the data to plot. The individual cubes should have a single dimension.
2222 The cubes should cover the same phenomenon i.e. all cubes contain temperature data.
2223 We do not support different data such as temperature and humidity in the same CubeList for plotting.
2224 filename: str, optional
2225 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
2226 to the recipe name.
2227 series_coordinate: str, optional
2228 Coordinate about which to make a series. Defaults to ``"time"``. This
2229 coordinate must exist in the cube.
2231 Returns
2232 -------
2233 iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
2234 The original Cube or CubeList (so further operations can be applied).
2236 Raises
2237 ------
2238 ValueError
2239 If the cubes don't have the right dimensions.
2240 TypeError
2241 If the cube isn't a Cube or CubeList.
2242 """
2243 # Ensure we have a name for the plot file.
2244 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", iter_maybe(cube)[0].name())
2246 num_models = get_num_models(cube)
2248 validate_cube_shape(cube, num_models)
2250 # Iterate over all cubes and extract coordinate to plot.
2251 cubes = iris.cube.CubeList(iter_maybe(cube))
2252 coords = []
2253 for model_cube in cubes:
2254 try:
2255 coords.append(model_cube.coord(series_coordinate))
2256 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError as err:
2257 raise ValueError(
2258 f"Cube must have a {series_coordinate} coordinate."
2259 ) from err
2260 # Count cube dimensions and exclude realization and
2261 # forecast_reference_time if they exist.
2262 ndim = model_cube.ndim
2264 if model_cube.coords("realization"): 2264 ↛ 2272line 2264 didn't jump to line 2272 because the condition on line 2264 was always true
2265 # returns coord dimension
2266 realization_dims = model_cube.coord_dims("realization")
2268 # Only subtract if realization is a dimension coordinate
2269 if realization_dims:
2270 ndim -= len(realization_dims)
2272 if model_cube.coords("forecast_reference_time"):
2273 frt_dims = model_cube.coord_dims("forecast_reference_time")
2275 # Only subtract if frt is a dimension coordinate
2276 if frt_dims: 2276 ↛ 2277line 2276 didn't jump to line 2277 because the condition on line 2276 was never true
2277 ndim -= len(frt_dims)
2279 if ndim > 2:
2280 raise ValueError(
2281 "Cube must be 1D or 2D (excluding any realization or forecast_reference_time dimensions)."
2282 )
2284 plot_index = []
2286 # Check if this is a spectral plot by looking for spectral coordinates
2287 is_spectral_plot = series_coordinate in [
2288 "frequency",
2289 "physical_wavenumber",
2290 "wavelength",
2291 ]
2293 if is_spectral_plot:
2294 # If series coordinate is frequency, physical_wavenumber or wavelength, for example power spectra with series
2295 # coordinate frequency/wavenumber.
2296 # If several power spectra are plotted with time as sequence_coordinate for the
2297 # time slider option.
2299 # Internal plotting function.
2300 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_line_power_spectrum_series
2302 for model_cube in cubes:
2303 try:
2304 model_cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
2305 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError as err:
2306 raise ValueError(
2307 f"Cube must have a {sequence_coordinate} coordinate."
2308 ) from err
2310 if num_models == 1: 2310 ↛ 2325line 2310 didn't jump to line 2325 because the condition on line 2310 was always true
2311 # check for ensembles
2312 if ( 2312 ↛ 2316line 2312 didn't jump to line 2316 because the condition on line 2312 was never true
2313 stamp_coordinate in [c.name() for c in cubes[0].coords()]
2314 and cubes[0].coord(stamp_coordinate).shape[0] > 1
2315 ):
2316 if single_plot:
2317 # Plot spectra, mean and ensemble spread on 1 plot
2318 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_postage_stamps_in_single_plot_power_spectrum_series
2319 else:
2320 # Plot postage stamps
2321 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_power_spectrum_series
2322 cube_iterables = cubes[0].slices_over(sequence_coordinate)
2323 nplot = np.size(cubes[0].coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
2324 else:
2325 all_points = sorted(
2326 set(
2327 itertools.chain.from_iterable(
2328 cb.coord(sequence_coordinate).points for cb in cubes
2329 )
2330 )
2331 )
2332 all_slices = list(
2333 itertools.chain.from_iterable(
2334 cb.slices_over(sequence_coordinate) for cb in cubes
2335 )
2336 )
2337 # Matched slices (matched by seq coord point; it may happen that
2338 # evaluated models do not cover the same seq coord range, hence matching
2339 # necessary)
2340 cube_iterables = [
2341 iris.cube.CubeList(
2342 s
2343 for s in all_slices
2344 if s.coord(sequence_coordinate).points[0] == point
2345 )
2346 for point in all_points
2347 ]
2348 nplot = len(all_points)
2350 # Create a plot for each value of the sequence coordinate. Allowing for
2351 # multiple cubes in a CubeList to be plotted in the same plot for similar
2352 # sequence values. Passing a CubeList into the internal plotting function
2353 # for similar values of the sequence coordinate. cube_slice can be an
2354 # iris.cube.Cube or an iris.cube.CubeList.
2356 for cube_slice in cube_iterables:
2357 # Normalize cube_slice to a list of cubes
2358 if isinstance(cube_slice, iris.cube.CubeList): 2358 ↛ 2359line 2358 didn't jump to line 2359 because the condition on line 2358 was never true
2359 cubes = list(cube_slice)
2360 elif isinstance(cube_slice, iris.cube.Cube): 2360 ↛ 2363line 2360 didn't jump to line 2363 because the condition on line 2360 was always true
2361 cubes = [cube_slice]
2362 else:
2363 raise TypeError(f"Expected Cube or CubeList, got {type(cube_slice)}")
2365 # Use sequence value so multiple sequences can merge.
2366 seq_coord = cube_slice[0].coord(sequence_coordinate)
2367 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
2368 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
2369 )
2371 # Format the coordinate value in a unit appropriate way.
2372 title = f"{recipe_title}\n [{seq_coord.units.title(seq_coord.points[0])}]"
2374 # Use sequence (e.g. time) bounds if plotting single non-sequence outputs
2375 if nplot == 1 and seq_coord.has_bounds and np.size(seq_coord.bounds) > 1: 2375 ↛ 2376line 2375 didn't jump to line 2376 because the condition on line 2375 was never true
2376 title = f"{recipe_title}\n [{seq_coord.units.title(seq_coord.bounds[0][0])} to {seq_coord.units.title(seq_coord.bounds[0][1])}]"
2378 # Do the actual plotting.
2379 plotting_func(
2380 cube_slice,
2381 coords,
2382 stamp_coordinate,
2383 plot_filename,
2384 title,
2385 series_coordinate,
2386 )
2388 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
2389 else:
2390 # Format the title and filename using plotted series coordinate
2391 nplot = 1
2392 seq_coord = coords[0]
2393 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
2394 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
2395 )
2397 # Treat cubes with station coordinate as point observation timeseries, looping over available points
2398 if (
2399 "station" in [c.name() for c in cubes[0].coords()]
2400 and len(cubes[0].coord("station").points) > 1
2401 ):
2402 for station in cubes[0].coord("station").points:
2403 station_cubes = cubes.extract(iris.Constraint(station=station))
2404 station_name = station_cubes[0].coord("Station_Name").points[0]
2405 station_plotname = plot_filename.replace(
2406 ".png", "_" + station_name + ".png"
2407 )
2408 _plot_and_save_line_series(
2409 station_cubes,
2410 coords,
2411 "realization",
2412 station_plotname,
2413 f"{plot_title} {station_name}",
2414 )
2415 plot_index.append(station_plotname)
2417 else:
2418 # Do the actual plotting for all other series coordinate options.
2419 _plot_and_save_line_series(
2420 cubes, coords, stamp_coordinate, plot_filename, plot_title
2421 )
2423 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
2425 # append plot to list of plots
2426 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
2428 # Make a page to display the plots.
2429 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
2431 return cube
2434def plot_vertical_line_series(
2435 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
2436 filename: str | None = None,
2437 series_coordinate: str = "model_level_number",
2438 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
2439 # line_coordinate: str = "realization",
2440 **kwargs,
2441) -> iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList:
2442 """Plot a line plot against a type of vertical coordinate.
2444 The Cube or CubeList must be 1D.
2446 A 1D line plot with y-axis as pressure coordinate can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate is present
2447 then a sequence of plots will be produced.
2449 Parameters
2450 ----------
2451 iris.cube | iris.cube.CubeList
2452 Cube or CubeList of the data to plot. The individual cubes should have a single dimension.
2453 The cubes should cover the same phenomenon i.e. all cubes contain temperature data.
2454 We do not support different data such as temperature and humidity in the same CubeList for plotting.
2455 filename: str, optional
2456 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
2457 to the recipe name.
2458 series_coordinate: str, optional
2459 Coordinate to plot on the y-axis. Can be ``pressure`` or
2460 ``model_level_number`` for UM, or ``full_levels`` or ``half_levels``
2461 for LFRic. Defaults to ``model_level_number``.
2462 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
2463 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
2464 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
2465 This coordinate must exist in the cube.
2467 Returns
2468 -------
2469 iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
2470 The original Cube or CubeList (so further operations can be applied).
2471 Plotted data.
2473 Raises
2474 ------
2475 ValueError
2476 If the cubes doesn't have the right dimensions.
2477 TypeError
2478 If the cube isn't a Cube or CubeList.
2479 """
2480 # Ensure we have a name for the plot file.
2481 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", iter_maybe(cubes)[0].name())
2483 cubes = iter_maybe(cubes)
2484 # Initialise empty list to hold all data from all cubes in a CubeList
2485 all_data = []
2487 # Store min/max ranges for x range.
2488 x_levels = []
2490 num_models = get_num_models(cubes)
2492 validate_cube_shape(cubes, num_models)
2494 # Iterate over all cubes in cube or CubeList and plot.
2495 coords = []
2496 for cube in cubes:
2497 # Test if series coordinate i.e. pressure level exist for any cube with cube.ndim >=1.
2498 try:
2499 coords.append(cube.coord(series_coordinate))
2500 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError as err:
2501 raise ValueError(
2502 f"Cube must have a {series_coordinate} coordinate."
2503 ) from err
2505 try:
2506 if cube.ndim > 1 or not cube.coords("realization"): 2506 ↛ 2514line 2506 didn't jump to line 2514 because the condition on line 2506 was always true
2507 cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
2508 except iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError as err:
2509 raise ValueError(
2510 f"Cube must have a {sequence_coordinate} coordinate or be 1D, or 2D with a realization coordinate."
2511 ) from err
2513 # Get minimum and maximum from levels information.
2514 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube, axis="x")
2515 if levels is not None: 2515 ↛ 2519line 2515 didn't jump to line 2519 because the condition on line 2515 was always true
2516 x_levels.append(min(levels))
2517 x_levels.append(max(levels))
2518 else:
2519 all_data.append(cube.data)
2521 if len(x_levels) == 0: 2521 ↛ 2523line 2521 didn't jump to line 2523 because the condition on line 2521 was never true
2522 # Combine all data into a single NumPy array
2523 combined_data = np.concatenate(all_data)
2525 # Set the lower and upper limit for the x-axis to ensure all plots have
2526 # same range. This needs to read the whole cube over the range of the
2527 # sequence and if applicable postage stamp coordinate.
2528 vmin = np.floor(combined_data.min())
2529 vmax = np.ceil(combined_data.max())
2530 else:
2531 vmin = min(x_levels)
2532 vmax = max(x_levels)
2534 # Check if the cube has a sequence coordinate (e.g. time). If not, plot
2535 # a single profile directly without iterating over a sequence.
2536 sequence_coords = [
2537 cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
2538 for cube in cubes
2539 if cube.coords(sequence_coordinate)
2540 ]
2541 has_sequence_coord = len(sequence_coords) == len(cubes) and all(
2542 np.size(coord.points) > 1 for coord in sequence_coords
2543 )
2544 has_scalar_sequence_coord = len(sequence_coords) == len(cubes) and all(
2545 np.size(coord.points) == 1 for coord in sequence_coords
2546 )
2548 plot_index = []
2549 if has_sequence_coord: 2549 ↛ 2574line 2549 didn't jump to line 2574 because the condition on line 2549 was always true
2550 # Matching the slices (matching by seq coord point; it may happen that
2551 # evaluated models do not cover the same seq coord range, hence matching
2552 # necessary)
2553 cube_iterables = _find_matched_slices(cubes, sequence_coordinate)
2554 nplot = np.size(cubes[0].coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
2555 for cubes_slice in cube_iterables:
2556 # Format the coordinate value in a unit appropriate way.
2557 seq_coord = cubes_slice[0].coord(sequence_coordinate)
2558 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
2559 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
2560 )
2562 # Do the actual plotting.
2563 _plot_and_save_vertical_line_series(
2564 cubes_slice,
2565 coords,
2566 "realization",
2567 plot_filename,
2568 series_coordinate,
2569 title=plot_title,
2570 vmin=vmin,
2571 vmax=vmax,
2572 )
2573 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
2574 elif has_scalar_sequence_coord:
2575 # Scalar sequence coordinate (typically aggregated time bounds):
2576 # make one plot and include sequence period in title/filename.
2577 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
2578 sequence_coords[0], 1, recipe_title, filename
2579 )
2581 _plot_and_save_vertical_line_series(
2582 cubes,
2583 coords,
2584 "realization",
2585 plot_filename,
2586 series_coordinate,
2587 title=plot_title,
2588 vmin=vmin,
2589 vmax=vmax,
2590 )
2591 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
2592 else:
2593 # 1D case: no sequence coordinate, plot a single profile.
2594 plot_title = recipe_title
2595 if filename:
2596 plot_filename = filename
2597 else:
2598 plot_filename = f"{slugify(plot_title)}.png"
2600 _plot_and_save_vertical_line_series(
2601 cubes,
2602 coords,
2603 "realization",
2604 plot_filename,
2605 series_coordinate,
2606 title=plot_title,
2607 vmin=vmin,
2608 vmax=vmax,
2609 )
2610 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
2612 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
2613 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
2615 # Make a page to display the plots.
2616 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
2618 return cubes
2621def qq_plot(
2622 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList,
2623 coordinates: list[str],
2624 percentiles: list[float],
2625 model_names: list[str],
2626 filename: str | None = None,
2627 one_to_one: bool = True,
2628 **kwargs,
2629) -> iris.cube.CubeList:
2630 """Plot a Quantile-Quantile plot between two models for common time points.
2632 The cubes will be normalised by collapsing each cube to its percentiles. Cubes are
2633 collapsed within the operator over all specified coordinates such as
2634 grid_latitude, grid_longitude, vertical levels, but also realisation representing
2635 ensemble members to ensure a 1D cube (array).
2637 Parameters
2638 ----------
2639 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList
2640 Two cubes of the same variable with different models.
2641 coordinate: list[str]
2642 The list of coordinates to collapse over. This list should be
2643 every coordinate within the cube to result in a 1D cube around
2644 the percentile coordinate.
2645 percent: list[float]
2646 A list of percentiles to appear in the plot.
2647 model_names: list[str]
2648 A list of model names to appear on the axis of the plot.
2649 filename: str, optional
2650 Filename of the plot to write.
2651 one_to_one: bool, optional
2652 If True a 1:1 line is plotted; if False it is not. Default is True.
2654 Raises
2655 ------
2656 ValueError
2657 When the cubes are not compatible.
2659 Notes
2660 -----
2661 The quantile-quantile plot is a variant on the scatter plot representing
2662 two datasets by their quantiles (percentiles) for common time points.
2663 This plot does not use a theoretical distribution to compare against, but
2664 compares percentiles of two datasets. This plot does
2665 not use all raw data points, but plots the selected percentiles (quantiles) of
2666 each variable instead for the two datasets, thereby normalising the data for a
2667 direct comparison between the selected percentiles of the two dataset distributions.
2669 Quantile-quantile plots are valuable for comparing against
2670 observations and other models. Identical percentiles between the variables
2671 will lie on the one-to-one line implying the values correspond well to each
2672 other. Where there is a deviation from the one-to-one line a range of
2673 possibilities exist depending on how and where the data is shifted (e.g.,
2674 Wilks 2011 [Wilks2011]_).
2676 For distributions above the one-to-one line the distribution is left-skewed;
2677 below is right-skewed. A distinct break implies a bimodal distribution, and
2678 closer values/values further apart at the tails imply poor representation of
2679 the extremes.
2681 """
2682 # Check cubes using same functionality as the difference operator.
2683 if len(cubes) != 2:
2684 raise ValueError("cubes should contain exactly 2 cubes.")
2685 base: Cube = cubes.extract_cube(iris.AttributeConstraint(cset_comparison_base=1))
2686 other: Cube = cubes.extract_cube(
2687 iris.Constraint(
2688 cube_func=lambda cube: "cset_comparison_base" not in cube.attributes
2689 )
2690 )
2692 # Get spatial coord names.
2693 base_lat_name, base_lon_name = get_cube_yxcoordname(base)
2694 other_lat_name, other_lon_name = get_cube_yxcoordname(other)
2696 # Ensure cubes to compare are on common differencing grid.
2697 # This is triggered if either
2698 # i) latitude and longitude shapes are not the same. Note grid points
2699 # are not compared directly as these can differ through rounding
2700 # errors.
2701 # ii) or variables are known to often sit on different grid staggering
2702 # in different models (e.g. cell center vs cell edge), as is the case
2703 # for UM and LFRic comparisons.
2704 # In future greater choice of regridding method might be applied depending
2705 # on variable type. Linear regridding can in general be appropriate for smooth
2706 # variables. Care should be taken with interpretation of differences
2707 # given this dependency on regridding.
2708 if (
2709 base.coord(base_lat_name).shape != other.coord(other_lat_name).shape
2710 or base.coord(base_lon_name).shape != other.coord(other_lon_name).shape
2711 ) or (
2712 base.long_name
2713 in [
2714 "eastward_wind_at_10m",
2715 "northward_wind_at_10m",
2716 "northward_wind_at_cell_centres",
2717 "eastward_wind_at_cell_centres",
2718 "zonal_wind_at_pressure_levels",
2719 "meridional_wind_at_pressure_levels",
2720 "potential_vorticity_at_pressure_levels",
2721 "vapour_specific_humidity_at_pressure_levels_for_climate_averaging",
2722 ]
2723 ):
2724 logger.debug("Linear regridding base cube to other grid to compute differences")
2725 base = regrid_onto_cube(base, other, method="Linear")
2727 # Extract just common time points.
2728 base, other = _extract_common_time_points(base, other)
2730 # Equalise attributes so we can merge.
2731 fully_equalise_attributes([base, other])
2732 logger.debug("Base: %s\nOther: %s", base, other)
2734 # Collapse cubes.
2735 base = collapse(
2736 base,
2737 coordinate=coordinates,
2738 method="PERCENTILE",
2739 additional_percent=percentiles,
2740 )
2741 other = collapse(
2742 other,
2743 coordinate=coordinates,
2744 method="PERCENTILE",
2745 additional_percent=percentiles,
2746 )
2748 # Ensure we have a name for the plot file.
2749 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "QQ_plot")
2750 title = f"{recipe_title}"
2752 if filename is None:
2753 filename = slugify(recipe_title)
2755 # Add file extension.
2756 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}.png"
2758 # Do the actual plotting on a scatter plot
2759 _plot_and_save_scatter_plot(
2760 base, other, plot_filename, title, one_to_one, model_names
2761 )
2763 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
2764 plot_index = _append_to_plot_index([plot_filename])
2766 # Make a page to display the plots.
2767 _make_plot_html_page(plot_index)
2769 return iris.cube.CubeList([base, other])
2772def hinton_plot(
2773 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList, base_name: str, other_name: str, magnitude: bool = False
2774) -> None:
2775 """
2776 Plot a Hinton style triangle/scorecard plot.
2778 This plot type can be useful for summarising high level information, such as comparing
2779 how 'skillful' two models are when verified against observations for a variety of metrics,
2780 as a function of lead-time. A few parameters of the plot style are fixed in function rather
2781 than customisable by the user as input arguments; many have been designed to automatically
2782 scale the plot depending on the number of x and y components.
2784 Parameters
2785 ----------
2786 cubes: iris.cube.CubeList
2787 A iris cubelist, containing at least two cubes of a skill metric to plot (model vs obs). Can
2788 include multiple variables, in which the plot will automatically scale for. If cubes containing
2789 a name significance_<var> exist, containing a bool array, then it will also plot whether each
2790 triangle is significant by using a thick black outline. Each cube should be 1D, with
2791 forecast_period as the only dimension.
2792 base_name: str
2793 The name of the base model to use as the control in the Hinton plot, as a string.
2794 other_name: str
2795 The name of the other model to use as the test in the Hinton plot, as a string.
2796 magnitude: bool
2797 Option bool when if True, then plot the numerical value difference in two values under each
2798 triangle.
2799 """
2800 # Ensure we have a name for the plot file.
2801 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "Hinton")
2802 title = f"{recipe_title}"
2803 filename = slugify(recipe_title)
2805 # Check that all cubes only have one dimension called forecast_period
2806 for cube in cubes:
2807 if len(cube.dim_coords) > 1:
2808 raise ValueError(f"Should only have one dimension coord, {cube}")
2809 if cube.dim_coords[0].name() != "forecast_period":
2810 raise ValueError(
2811 f"Single coord should be forecast_period, not {cube.dim_coords[0].name()}"
2812 )
2814 # Separate out base cubes and other cubes.
2815 base_cubes = iris.cube.CubeList()
2816 other_cubes = iris.cube.CubeList()
2817 for c in cubes:
2818 if c.attributes["model_name"] == base_name:
2819 base_cubes.append(c)
2820 elif c.attributes["model_name"] == other_name:
2821 other_cubes.append(c)
2823 # base cubes should be the same length as other cubes, otherwise one is missing a variable.
2824 if len(base_cubes) != len(other_cubes):
2825 raise ValueError(
2826 f"base cubes {base_cubes} are not same number as {other_cubes}"
2827 )
2829 # Find common variable names in the two groups.
2830 base_vars = {cube.long_name for cube in base_cubes if cube.long_name is not None}
2831 other_vars = {cube.long_name for cube in other_cubes if cube.long_name is not None}
2832 common_vars = sorted(base_vars & other_vars)
2834 # Iterate over each variable (row)
2835 rows = []
2836 for var in common_vars:
2837 # Extract cube with matching variable name
2838 base_cube = next(
2839 (c for c in base_cubes if c.long_name == var),
2840 None,
2841 )
2843 other_cube = next(
2844 (c for c in other_cubes if c.long_name == var),
2845 None,
2846 )
2848 # If we can't find a variable in both cubes, then skip
2849 if base_cube is None or other_cube is None: 2849 ↛ 2850line 2849 didn't jump to line 2850 because the condition on line 2849 was never true
2850 continue
2852 # Compute difference (1D array)
2853 # We can already make assumption both on same forecast_periods as checked
2854 # prior to computing metric.
2855 diff = other_cube.data - base_cube.data
2857 # See if there is a significance cube present, if not, set as None.
2858 sig_cube = next(
2859 (cube for cube in cubes if cube.long_name == f"significance_{var}"),
2860 None,
2861 )
2863 # Append row information.
2864 rows.append(
2865 {
2866 "name": var,
2867 "forecast_periods": base_cube.coord("forecast_period").points,
2868 "change": diff,
2869 "significance": sig_cube.data.astype(bool)
2870 if sig_cube is not None
2871 else None,
2872 }
2873 )
2875 # For each row, compute standardised anomalies
2876 for row in rows:
2877 change = np.asarray(row["change"])
2879 anoms = change - np.mean(change)
2881 scale = np.max(np.abs(anoms))
2883 if scale > 0:
2884 scaled = anoms / scale
2885 else:
2886 scaled = np.zeros_like(anoms)
2888 row["anoms"] = anoms
2889 row["scaled"] = scaled
2891 # Setup colors of triangles
2892 color_pos = "#7CAE00"
2893 color_neg = "#7B68EE"
2895 # Setup cell/text size ratios
2896 figsize = None
2897 cell_size_in = 1.5
2898 text_row_ratio = 0.25
2900 # Get the number of x and y elements
2901 ny = len(rows)
2902 nx = max(len(row["forecast_periods"]) for row in rows)
2904 # Build non-uniform y coordinates
2905 tri_height = 1.0
2906 txt_height = text_row_ratio
2908 tri_y = []
2909 txt_y = []
2910 y_edges = [0.0]
2912 y = 0.0
2913 for _j in range(ny):
2914 tri_y.append(y + tri_height / 2)
2915 y += tri_height
2916 y_edges.append(y)
2918 if magnitude:
2919 txt_y.append(y + txt_height / 2)
2920 y += txt_height
2921 y_edges.append(y)
2923 total_height = y
2925 # Dynamic figure size
2926 if figsize is None: 2926 ↛ 2931line 2926 didn't jump to line 2931 because the condition on line 2926 was always true
2927 width = nx * cell_size_in
2928 height = total_height * cell_size_in + 2
2929 figsize = (width, height)
2931 fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
2933 # Setup axes and grid.
2934 ax.set_aspect("equal", adjustable="box")
2935 ax.set_xlim(-0.5, nx - 0.5)
2936 ax.set_ylim(0, total_height)
2938 longest_row = max(rows, key=lambda row: len(row["forecast_periods"]))
2940 ax.set_xticks(np.arange(nx))
2941 ax.set_xticklabels(
2942 longest_row["forecast_periods"],
2943 rotation=90,
2944 )
2946 ax.set_yticks(tri_y)
2947 ax.set_yticklabels([row["name"] for row in rows])
2949 ax.set_xticks(np.arange(-0.5, nx, 1), minor=True)
2950 ax.set_yticks(y_edges, minor=True)
2952 ax.set_axisbelow(True)
2953 ax.grid(which="minor", linestyle=":", linewidth=0.3, color="0.7")
2954 ax.grid(False, which="major")
2955 ax.tick_params(which="minor", length=0)
2957 ax.invert_yaxis()
2959 # Compute marker scaling (fixed overlap)
2960 fig.canvas.draw()
2962 bbox = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted())
2963 width_in, height_in = bbox.width, bbox.height
2965 cell_w = (width_in * fig.dpi) / nx
2966 cell_h = (height_in * fig.dpi) / total_height
2967 cell_pixels = min(cell_w, cell_h)
2969 max_marker_size = (0.6 * cell_pixels) ** 2
2971 text_fontsize = cell_pixels * 0.15
2973 # Plot triangles + text
2974 for j, row in enumerate(rows):
2975 scaled = row["scaled"]
2976 anoms = row["anoms"]
2977 signif = row["significance"]
2979 for i in range(len(scaled)):
2980 val = scaled[i]
2982 if np.isnan(val): 2982 ↛ 2983line 2982 didn't jump to line 2983 because the condition on line 2982 was never true
2983 continue
2985 if abs(val) < 0.01:
2986 continue
2988 size = max_marker_size * abs(val)
2990 if val >= 0:
2991 marker = "^"
2992 color = color_pos
2993 else:
2994 marker = "v"
2995 color = color_neg
2997 if signif is not None:
2998 sig = bool(signif[i])
2999 edgecolor = "black" if sig else "none"
3000 linewidth = 0.6 if sig else 0.0
3001 else:
3002 edgecolor = "none"
3003 linewidth = 0.0
3005 ax.scatter(
3006 i,
3007 tri_y[j],
3008 s=size,
3009 marker=marker,
3010 c=color,
3011 edgecolors=edgecolor,
3012 linewidths=linewidth,
3013 zorder=3,
3014 clip_on=True,
3015 )
3017 # Text row
3018 if magnitude:
3019 mag_val = anoms[i]
3021 if not np.isnan(mag_val): 3021 ↛ 2979line 3021 didn't jump to line 2979 because the condition on line 3021 was always true
3022 ax.text(
3023 i,
3024 txt_y[j],
3025 f"{mag_val:.1f}",
3026 ha="center",
3027 va="center",
3028 fontsize=text_fontsize,
3029 color="black",
3030 zorder=4,
3031 )
3033 ax.set_title(title)
3034 plt.tight_layout()
3036 # Save plot.
3037 _save_close_figure(fig, "hinton", filename)
3039 # Add file extension.
3040 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}.png"
3042 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
3043 plot_index = _append_to_plot_index([plot_filename])
3045 # Make a page to display the plots.
3046 _make_plot_html_page(plot_index)
3049def scatter_plot(
3050 cube_x: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
3051 cube_y: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
3052 filename: str | None = None,
3053 one_to_one: bool = True,
3054 **kwargs,
3055) -> iris.cube.CubeList:
3056 """Plot a scatter plot between two variables.
3058 Both cubes must be 1D.
3060 Parameters
3061 ----------
3062 cube_x: Cube | CubeList
3063 1 dimensional Cube of the data to plot on y-axis.
3064 cube_y: Cube | CubeList
3065 1 dimensional Cube of the data to plot on x-axis.
3066 filename: str, optional
3067 Filename of the plot to write.
3068 one_to_one: bool, optional
3069 If True a 1:1 line is plotted; if False it is not. Default is True.
3071 Returns
3072 -------
3073 cubes: CubeList
3074 CubeList of the original x and y cubes for further processing.
3076 Raises
3077 ------
3078 ValueError
3079 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions and cubes not the same
3080 size.
3081 TypeError
3082 If the cube isn't a single cube.
3084 Notes
3085 -----
3086 Scatter plots are used for determining if there is a relationship between
3087 two variables. Positive relations have a slope going from bottom left to top
3088 right; Negative relations have a slope going from top left to bottom right.
3089 """
3090 # Iterate over all cubes in cube or CubeList and plot.
3091 for cube_iter in iter_maybe(cube_x):
3092 # Check cubes are correct shape.
3093 cube_iter = check_single_cube(cube_iter)
3094 if cube_iter.ndim > 1:
3095 raise ValueError("cube_x must be 1D.")
3097 # Iterate over all cubes in cube or CubeList and plot.
3098 for cube_iter in iter_maybe(cube_y):
3099 # Check cubes are correct shape.
3100 cube_iter = check_single_cube(cube_iter)
3101 if cube_iter.ndim > 1:
3102 raise ValueError("cube_y must be 1D.")
3104 # Ensure we have a name for the plot file.
3105 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "Scatter_plot")
3106 title = f"{recipe_title}"
3108 if filename is None:
3109 filename = slugify(recipe_title)
3111 # Add file extension.
3112 plot_filename = f"{filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0]}.png"
3114 # Do the actual plotting.
3115 _plot_and_save_scatter_plot(cube_x, cube_y, plot_filename, title, one_to_one)
3117 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
3118 plot_index = _append_to_plot_index([plot_filename])
3120 # Make a page to display the plots.
3121 _make_plot_html_page(plot_index)
3123 return iris.cube.CubeList([cube_x, cube_y])
3126def vector_plot(
3127 cube_u: iris.cube.Cube,
3128 cube_v: iris.cube.Cube,
3129 filename: str | None = None,
3130 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
3131 **kwargs,
3132) -> iris.cube.CubeList:
3133 """Plot a vector plot based on the input u and v components."""
3134 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "Vector_plot")
3136 # Cubes must have a matching sequence coordinate.
3137 try:
3138 # Check that the u and v cubes have the same sequence coordinate.
3139 if cube_u.coord(sequence_coordinate) != cube_v.coord(sequence_coordinate): 3139 ↛ anywhereline 3139 didn't jump anywhere: it always raised an exception.
3140 raise ValueError("Coordinates do not match.")
3141 except (iris.exceptions.CoordinateNotFoundError, ValueError) as err:
3142 raise ValueError(
3143 f"Cubes should have matching {sequence_coordinate} coordinate:\n{cube_u}\n{cube_v}"
3144 ) from err
3146 # Create a plot for each value of the sequence coordinate.
3147 plot_index = []
3148 nplot = np.size(cube_u[0].coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
3149 for cube_u_slice, cube_v_slice in zip(
3150 cube_u.slices_over(sequence_coordinate),
3151 cube_v.slices_over(sequence_coordinate),
3152 strict=True,
3153 ):
3154 # Format the coordinate value in a unit appropriate way.
3155 seq_coord = cube_u_slice.coord(sequence_coordinate)
3156 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
3157 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
3158 )
3160 # Do the actual plotting.
3161 _plot_and_save_vector_plot(
3162 cube_u_slice,
3163 cube_v_slice,
3164 filename=plot_filename,
3165 title=plot_title,
3166 method="pcolormesh",
3167 )
3168 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
3170 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
3171 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
3173 # Make a page to display the plots.
3174 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
3176 return iris.cube.CubeList([cube_u, cube_v])
3179def plot_histogram_series(
3180 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
3181 filename: str | None = None,
3182 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
3183 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
3184 single_plot: bool = False,
3185 **kwargs,
3186) -> iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList:
3187 """Plot a histogram plot for each vertical level provided.
3189 A histogram plot can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate (i.e. time)
3190 is present then a sequence of plots will be produced using the time slider
3191 functionality to scroll through histograms against time. If a
3192 stamp_coordinate is present then postage stamp plots will be produced. If
3193 stamp_coordinate and single_plot is True, all postage stamp plots will be
3194 plotted in a single plot instead of separate postage stamp plots.
3196 Parameters
3197 ----------
3198 cubes: Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
3199 Iris cube or CubeList of the data to plot. It should have a single dimension other
3200 than the stamp coordinate.
3201 The cubes should cover the same phenomenon i.e. all cubes contain temperature data.
3202 We do not support different data such as temperature and humidity in the same CubeList for plotting.
3203 filename: str, optional
3204 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
3205 to the recipe name.
3206 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
3207 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
3208 This coordinate must exist in the cube and will be used for the time
3209 slider.
3210 stamp_coordinate: str, optional
3211 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
3212 ``"realization"``.
3213 single_plot: bool, optional
3214 If True, all postage stamp plots will be plotted in a single plot. If
3215 False, each postage stamp plot will be plotted separately. Is only valid
3216 if stamp_coordinate exists and has more than a single point.
3218 Returns
3219 -------
3220 iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
3221 The original Cube or CubeList (so further operations can be applied).
3222 Plotted data.
3224 Raises
3225 ------
3226 ValueError
3227 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
3228 TypeError
3229 If the cube isn't a Cube or CubeList.
3230 """
3231 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "Histogram")
3233 cubes = iter_maybe(cubes)
3235 # Internal plotting function.
3236 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_histogram_series
3238 num_models = get_num_models(cubes)
3240 validate_cube_shape(cubes, num_models)
3242 # If several histograms are plotted, check sequence_coordinate
3243 check_sequence_coordinate(cubes, sequence_coordinate)
3245 # Get axis minimum and maximum from levels information.
3246 # If no levels set, derive minima and maxima from data in CubeList.
3247 vmin, vmax = _set_axis_range(cubes)
3249 # Make postage stamp plots if stamp_coordinate exists and has more than a
3250 # single point. If single_plot is True:
3251 # -- all postage stamp plots will be plotted in a single plot instead of
3252 # separate postage stamp plots.
3253 # -- model names (hidden in cube attrs) are ignored, that is stamp plots are
3254 # produced per single model only
3255 if num_models == 1:
3256 if ( 3256 ↛ 3260line 3256 didn't jump to line 3260 because the condition on line 3256 was never true
3257 stamp_coordinate in [c.name() for c in cubes[0].coords()]
3258 and cubes[0].coord(stamp_coordinate).shape[0] > 1
3259 ):
3260 if single_plot:
3261 plotting_func = (
3262 _plot_and_save_postage_stamps_in_single_plot_histogram_series
3263 )
3264 else:
3265 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_histogram_series
3266 cube_iterables = cubes[0].slices_over(sequence_coordinate)
3267 else:
3268 cube_iterables = _find_matched_slices(cubes, sequence_coordinate)
3270 plot_index = []
3271 nplot = np.size(cubes[0].coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
3272 # Create a plot for each value of the sequence coordinate. Allowing for
3273 # multiple cubes in a CubeList to be plotted in the same plot for similar
3274 # sequence values. Passing a CubeList into the internal plotting function
3275 # for similar values of the sequence coordinate. cube_slice can be an
3276 # iris.cube.Cube or an iris.cube.CubeList.
3277 for cube_slice in cube_iterables:
3278 single_cube = cube_slice
3279 if isinstance(cube_slice, iris.cube.CubeList):
3280 single_cube = cube_slice[0]
3282 # Ensure valid stamp coordinate in cube dimensions
3283 if stamp_coordinate == "realization": 3283 ↛ 3286line 3283 didn't jump to line 3286 because the condition on line 3283 was always true
3284 stamp_coordinate = check_stamp_coordinate(single_cube)
3285 # Set plot titles and filename, based on sequence coordinate
3286 seq_coord = single_cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
3287 # Use time coordinate in title and filename if single histogram output.
3288 if sequence_coordinate == "realization" and nplot == 1: 3288 ↛ 3289line 3288 didn't jump to line 3289 because the condition on line 3288 was never true
3289 seq_coord = single_cube.coord("time")
3290 # Use station name in title and filename if model vs obs comparison
3291 if sequence_coordinate == "station": 3291 ↛ 3292line 3291 didn't jump to line 3292 because the condition on line 3291 was never true
3292 seq_coord = single_cube.coord("Station_Name")
3294 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
3295 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
3296 )
3298 # Do the actual plotting.
3299 plotting_func(
3300 cube_slice,
3301 filename=plot_filename,
3302 stamp_coordinate=stamp_coordinate,
3303 title=plot_title,
3304 vmin=vmin,
3305 vmax=vmax,
3306 )
3307 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
3309 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
3310 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
3312 # Make a page to display the plots.
3313 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
3315 return cubes
3318def plot_scatter_series(
3319 cubes: iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList,
3320 filename: str | None = None,
3321 sequence_coordinate: str = "time",
3322 stamp_coordinate: str = "realization",
3323 hexbin: bool = False,
3324 **kwargs,
3325) -> iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList:
3326 """Plot a scatter plot for each sequence coordinate provided.
3328 A scatter plot can be plotted, but if the sequence_coordinate (i.e. time)
3329 is present then a sequence of plots will be produced using the time slider
3330 functionality to scroll through scatter against time. If a
3331 stamp_coordinate is present then postage stamp plots will be produced. If
3332 stamp_coordinate and single_plot is True, all postage stamp plots will be
3333 plotted in a single plot instead of separate postage stamp plots.
3335 Parameters
3336 ----------
3337 cubes: Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
3338 Iris cube or CubeList of the data to plot. It should have a single dimension other
3339 than the stamp coordinate.
3340 The cubes should cover the same phenomenon i.e. all cubes contain temperature data.
3341 We do not support different data such as temperature and humidity in the same CubeList for plotting.
3342 filename: str, optional
3343 Name of the plot to write, used as a prefix for plot sequences. Defaults
3344 to the recipe name.
3345 sequence_coordinate: str, optional
3346 Coordinate about which to make a plot sequence. Defaults to ``"time"``.
3347 This coordinate must exist in the cube and will be used for the time
3348 slider.
3349 stamp_coordinate: str, optional
3350 Coordinate about which to plot postage stamp plots. Defaults to
3351 ``"realization"``.
3352 hexbin: bool, optional
3353 If True, generate hexbin comparison plot.
3354 If False, generate point-by-point scatter plot.
3356 Returns
3357 -------
3358 iris.cube.Cube | iris.cube.CubeList
3359 The original Cube or CubeList (so further operations can be applied).
3360 Plotted data.
3362 Raises
3363 ------
3364 ValueError
3365 If the cube doesn't have the right dimensions.
3366 TypeError
3367 If the cube isn't a Cube or CubeList.
3368 """
3369 recipe_title = get_recipe_metadata().get("title", "Scatter")
3371 cubes = iter_maybe(cubes)
3373 # Internal plotting function.
3374 plotting_func = _plot_and_save_scatter_series
3376 num_models = get_num_models(cubes)
3378 validate_cube_shape(cubes, num_models)
3380 check_sequence_coordinate(cubes, sequence_coordinate)
3382 vmin, vmax = _set_axis_range(cubes)
3384 # Require >1 models to compare on scatter plot
3385 if num_models > 1:
3386 cube_iterables = _find_matched_slices(cubes, sequence_coordinate)
3387 else:
3388 raise ValueError(
3389 "Scatter plot series requires multiple number of models in input data."
3390 )
3392 plot_index = []
3393 nplot = np.size(cubes[0].coord(sequence_coordinate).points)
3394 # Create a plot for each value of the sequence coordinate. Allowing for
3395 # multiple cubes in a CubeList to be plotted in the same plot for similar
3396 # sequence values. Passing a CubeList into the internal plotting function
3397 # for similar values of the sequence coordinate. cube_slice can be an
3398 # iris.cube.Cube or an iris.cube.CubeList.
3399 for cube_slice in cube_iterables:
3400 single_cube = cube_slice
3401 if isinstance(cube_slice, iris.cube.CubeList): 3401 ↛ 3405line 3401 didn't jump to line 3405 because the condition on line 3401 was always true
3402 single_cube = cube_slice[0]
3404 # Ensure valid stamp coordinate in cube dimensions
3405 if stamp_coordinate == "realization": 3405 ↛ 3408line 3405 didn't jump to line 3408 because the condition on line 3405 was always true
3406 stamp_coordinate = check_stamp_coordinate(single_cube)
3407 # Set plot titles and filename, based on sequence coordinate
3408 seq_coord = single_cube.coord(sequence_coordinate)
3409 # Use time coordinate in title and filename if single histogram output.
3410 if sequence_coordinate == "realization" and nplot == 1:
3411 seq_coord = single_cube.coord("time")
3412 # Use station name in title and filename if model vs obs comparison
3413 if sequence_coordinate == "station":
3414 seq_coord = single_cube.coord("Station_Name")
3416 plot_title, plot_filename = _set_title_and_filename(
3417 seq_coord, nplot, recipe_title, filename
3418 )
3420 # Do the actual plotting.
3421 plotting_func(
3422 cube_slice,
3423 filename=plot_filename,
3424 stamp_coordinate=stamp_coordinate,
3425 title=plot_title,
3426 vmin=vmin,
3427 vmax=vmax,
3428 hexbin=hexbin,
3429 )
3430 plot_index.append(plot_filename)
3432 # Add list of plots to plot metadata.
3433 complete_plot_index = _append_to_plot_index(plot_index)
3435 # Make a page to display the plots.
3436 _make_plot_html_page(complete_plot_index)
3438 return cubes
3441def _plot_and_save_postage_stamp_power_spectrum_series(
3442 cubes: iris.cube.Cube,
3443 coords: list[iris.coords.Coord],
3444 stamp_coordinate: str,
3445 filename: str,
3446 title: str,
3447 series_coordinate: str | None = None,
3448 **kwargs,
3449):
3450 """Plot and save postage (ensemble members) stamps for a power spectrum series.
3452 Parameters
3453 ----------
3454 cubes: Cube or CubeList
3455 Cube or Cubelist of the power spectrum data.
3456 coords: list[Coord]
3457 Coordinates to plot on the x-axis, one per cube.
3458 stamp_coordinate: str
3459 Coordinate that becomes different plots.
3460 filename: str
3461 Filename of the plot to write.
3462 title: str
3463 Plot title.
3464 series_coordinate: str, optional
3465 Coordinate being plotted on x-axis. In case of spectra frequency, physical_wavenumber, or wavelength.
3467 """
3468 # Use the smallest square grid that will fit the members.
3469 grid_size = math.ceil(math.sqrt(len(cubes.coord(stamp_coordinate).points)))
3471 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
3472 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
3473 # ax = plt.gca()
3474 # Make a subplot for each member.
3475 for member, subplot in zip(
3476 cubes.slices_over(stamp_coordinate), range(1, grid_size**2 + 1), strict=False
3477 ):
3478 ax = plt.subplot(grid_size, grid_size, subplot)
3480 # Store min/max ranges.
3481 y_levels = []
3483 line_marker = None
3484 line_width = 1
3486 for cube in iter_maybe(member):
3487 xcoord = _select_series_coord(cube, series_coordinate)
3488 xname = xcoord.points
3490 yfield = cube.data # power spectrum
3491 label = None
3492 color = "black"
3493 if model_colors_map: 3493 ↛ 3494line 3493 didn't jump to line 3494 because the condition on line 3493 was never true
3494 label = cube.attributes.get("model_name")
3495 color = model_colors_map.get(label)
3497 if member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points == [0]:
3498 ax.plot(
3499 xname,
3500 yfield,
3501 color=color,
3502 marker=line_marker,
3503 ls="-",
3504 lw=line_width,
3505 label=f"{label} (control)"
3506 if len(cube.coord(stamp_coordinate).points) > 1
3507 else label,
3508 )
3509 # Label with member if part of an ensemble and not the control.
3510 else:
3511 ax.plot(
3512 xname,
3513 yfield,
3514 color=color,
3515 ls="-",
3516 lw=1.5,
3517 alpha=0.75,
3518 label=f"{label} (member)",
3519 )
3521 # Calculate the global min/max if multiple cubes are given.
3522 _, levels, _ = colorbar_map_levels(cube, axis="y")
3523 if levels is not None: 3523 ↛ 3524line 3523 didn't jump to line 3524 because the condition on line 3523 was never true
3524 y_levels.append(min(levels))
3525 y_levels.append(max(levels))
3527 # Add some labels and tweak the style.
3528 title = f"{title}"
3529 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
3531 # Set appropriate x-axis label based on coordinate
3532 if series_coordinate == "wavelength" or ( 3532 ↛ 3535line 3532 didn't jump to line 3535 because the condition on line 3532 was never true
3533 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "wavelength"
3534 ):
3535 ax.set_xlabel("Wavelength (km)", fontsize=14)
3536 elif series_coordinate == "physical_wavenumber" or ( 3536 ↛ 3541line 3536 didn't jump to line 3541 because the condition on line 3536 was always true
3537 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "physical_wavenumber"
3538 ):
3539 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
3540 else: # frequency or check units
3541 if hasattr(xcoord, "units") and str(xcoord.units) == "km-1":
3542 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
3543 else:
3544 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber", fontsize=14)
3546 ax.set_ylabel("Power Spectral Density", fontsize=14)
3547 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
3549 # Set log-log scale
3550 ax.set_xscale("log")
3551 ax.set_yscale("log")
3553 # Add gridlines
3554 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
3555 # Ientify unique labels for legend
3556 handles = list(
3557 {
3558 label: handle
3559 for (handle, label) in zip(*ax.get_legend_handles_labels(), strict=True)
3560 }.values()
3561 )
3562 ax.legend(handles=handles, loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
3564 ax = plt.gca()
3565 ax.set_title(f"Member #{member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points[0]}")
3567 # Save plot.
3568 _save_close_figure(fig, "histogram postage stamp", filename)
3571def _plot_and_save_postage_stamps_in_single_plot_power_spectrum_series(
3572 cubes: iris.cube.Cube,
3573 coords: list[iris.coords.Coord],
3574 stamp_coordinate: str,
3575 filename: str,
3576 title: str,
3577 series_coordinate: str | None = None,
3578 **kwargs,
3579):
3580 """Plot and save power spectra for ensemble members in single plot.
3582 Parameters
3583 ----------
3584 cubes: Cube or CubeList
3585 Cube or Cubelist of the power spectrum data.
3586 coords: list[Coord]
3587 Coordinates to plot on the x-axis, one per cube.
3588 stamp_coordinate: str
3589 Coordinate that becomes different plots.
3590 filename: str
3591 Filename of the plot to write.
3592 title: str
3593 Plot title.
3594 series_coordinate: str, optional
3595 Coordinate being plotted on x-axis. In case of spectra frequency, physical_wavenumber, or wavelength.
3597 """
3598 fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10), facecolor="w", edgecolor="k")
3599 model_colors_map = get_model_colors_map(cubes)
3601 line_marker = None
3602 line_width = 1
3604 # Compute ensemble statistics to show spread
3605 mean_cube = cubes.collapsed(stamp_coordinate, iris.analysis.MEAN)
3606 min_cube = cubes.collapsed(stamp_coordinate, iris.analysis.MIN)
3607 max_cube = cubes.collapsed(stamp_coordinate, iris.analysis.MAX)
3609 xcoord_global = mean_cube.coord(series_coordinate)
3610 x_global = xcoord_global.points
3612 for i, member in enumerate(cubes.slices_over(stamp_coordinate)):
3613 xcoord = _select_series_coord(member, series_coordinate)
3614 xname = xcoord.points
3616 yfield = member.data # power spectrum
3617 color = "black"
3618 if model_colors_map: 3618 ↛ 3622line 3618 didn't jump to line 3622 because the condition on line 3618 was always true
3619 label = member.attributes.get("model_name") if i == 0 else None
3620 color = model_colors_map.get(label)
3622 if member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points == [0]:
3623 ax.plot(
3624 xname,
3625 yfield,
3626 color=color,
3627 marker=line_marker,
3628 ls="-",
3629 lw=line_width,
3630 label=f"{label} (control)"
3631 if len(member.coord(stamp_coordinate).points) > 1
3632 else label,
3633 )
3634 # Label with member number if part of an ensemble and not the control.
3635 else:
3636 ax.plot(
3637 xname,
3638 yfield,
3639 color=color,
3640 ls="-",
3641 lw=1.5,
3642 alpha=0.75,
3643 label=label,
3644 )
3646 # Set appropriate x-axis label based on coordinate
3647 if series_coordinate == "wavelength" or ( 3647 ↛ 3650line 3647 didn't jump to line 3650 because the condition on line 3647 was never true
3648 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "wavelength"
3649 ):
3650 ax.set_xlabel("Wavelength (km)", fontsize=14)
3651 elif series_coordinate == "physical_wavenumber" or ( 3651 ↛ 3656line 3651 didn't jump to line 3656 because the condition on line 3651 was always true
3652 hasattr(xcoord, "long_name") and xcoord.long_name == "physical_wavenumber"
3653 ):
3654 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
3655 else: # frequency or check units
3656 if hasattr(xcoord, "units") and str(xcoord.units) == "km-1":
3657 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber (km⁻¹)", fontsize=14)
3658 else:
3659 ax.set_xlabel("Wavenumber", fontsize=14)
3661 # Add ensemble spread shading
3662 ax.fill_between(
3663 x_global,
3664 min_cube.data,
3665 max_cube.data,
3666 color="grey",
3667 alpha=0.3,
3668 label="Ensemble spread",
3669 )
3671 # Add ensemble mean line
3672 ax.plot(x_global, mean_cube.data, color="black", lw=1, label="Ensemble mean")
3674 ax.set_ylabel("Power Spectral Density", fontsize=14)
3675 ax.tick_params(axis="both", labelsize=12)
3677 # Set y limits to global min and max, autoscale if colorbar doesn't exist.
3678 # Set log-log scale
3679 ax.set_xscale("log")
3680 ax.set_yscale("log")
3682 # Add gridlines
3683 ax.grid(linestyle="--", color="grey", linewidth=1)
3684 # Identify unique labels for legend
3685 handles = list(
3686 {
3687 label: handle
3688 for (handle, label) in zip(*ax.get_legend_handles_labels(), strict=True)
3689 }.values()
3690 )
3691 ax.legend(handles=handles, loc="best", ncol=1, frameon=True, fontsize=16)
3693 # Figure title.
3694 ax.set_title(title, fontsize=16)
3696 # Save plot.
3697 _save_close_figure(fig, "power spectra postage stamp", filename)